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Review of Basic Chemistry

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Term
Definition
Polar Molecule   a molecule which has one end that is partially positive and the opposite end that is partially negative  
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Hydrogen Bonding   a chemical combination of elements obtained by weak magnetic charges. This bonding is based upon atoms that are already bonded to other atoms  
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Surface Tension   a result of hydrogen bonding causing water to clump together resulting in high tension on the water’s surface  
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Mixture   two or more substances combined that can be separated by physical changes  
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Pure Substance   matter that has a fixed composition, elements and compounds are examples. They can be separated by chemical changes  
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Heterogeneous Mixtures   mixtures that are not uniform. The parts making up this mixture are clearly different from the other parts of the mixture. A mixture of rice and beans is an example- the beans are clearly different from the rice  
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Homogeneous Mixtures   a mixture that is uniform throughout. They are so well mixed that the parts of this mixture are indistinguishable from each other  
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Solvent   a substance that a solute is placed in to form solutions. A powdered drink mix is the solute and the water is the _______  
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Solute   a substance that is dissolved in a mixture. An example would be lemonade powder into water  
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Acids   compounds that when placed in a solution give off hydrogen (H+) ions. A substance that exhibits these characteristics turns blue litmus paper red. These substances have a pH of less than 7. Vinegar is an example  
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Bases   compounds that release hydroxide ions (-OH). These compounds usually turn red litmus paper blue and have a pH over 7  
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pH Scale   a range from 0-14 showing how acidic or basic a substance is. Acidic substances have pH values that are lower than 7. The more acidic something is, the lower the pH value. Neutral substances have a pH around 7. Basic substances have a pH value that is  
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