neuro
Help!
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain: frontal, parietal, temporal & occipital lobes, and spinal cord
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| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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| # brain lobes | 4 lobes
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| frontal lobe | motor activity & speech (broca's area)
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| frontal lobe | autonomic activity (respiratory, GI, GU)
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| frontal lobe | learning
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| frontal lobe | judgement
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| frontal lobe | moral values
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| frontal lobe | personality
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| frontal lobe | behavior
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| parietal lobe | controls sensation
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| parietal lobe | light touch
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| parietal lobe | 2-point discrimination
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| parietal lobe | sterognosis
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| parietal lobe | body imagery
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| parietal lobe | position sense
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| temporal lobe | hearing (wernicke's area)
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| wernicke's area | ability to interpret words (like speaking another language)
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| broca's area | ability to find and use words (CVA pt says "Q-tip" instead of "pencil")
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| temporal lobe | smell
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| temporal lobe | taste
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| temporal lobe | vestibular functioning (balance)
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| temporal lobe | interpret sensations and produce appropriate emotions
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| occipital lobe | controls visual perception
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| occipital lobe | recognition/interpretation of visual stimuli
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| occipital lobe | storehouse for visual memory and association
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| cerebellum | motor coordination
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| cerebellum | equilibrium
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| cerebellum | muscle tone
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| cerebellum | coordination & smooth muscle movement
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| cerebellum | does not initiate movement, just makes it smooth movement
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| brainstem (components) | midbrain, pons, medulla
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| midbrain | contains many motor neuron and tracts
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| pons | enlarged area containing ascending and descending fiber tracts
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| medulla | vital autonomic centers -respiration, heart fxn, GI fxn
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| medulla | nuclei for CN VIII-XII
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| levels of consciousness | alert, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma
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| alert | awake and responsive
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| lethargy | somnolent, but can carry on a convo & fxn
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| obtundant | rousable to voice
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| stupor | rousable to physical stimuli (painful)
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| coma | responds to physical stimuli with primitive reflexes
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| coma scale- guide to assess pt /c head injury & inc. ICP | Glasgow's- eye opening, verbal response, motor response
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| expressive aphasia | inability to talk; can comprehend & follow commands; FRONTAL
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| receptive aphasia | inabilty to follow commands; pt speaks but response does not follow context- lack of comprehension; TEMPORAL
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| global aphasia | inability to talk and follow commands
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| inability to understand written language | occipital lobe damage
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| 31 pairs of spinal nerves = | 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
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| descending neural pathways | motor (efferent) pathway
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| pyramidal tract | small movement
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| extrapyramidal tract | large movement
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| cerebellar tract | smooths movement
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| loss of muscle tone | flaccidity
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| increase of muscle tone | spasticity/rigidity
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| cerebellum function | RAM, FNF, HS
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| ascending neural pathway | sensory (afferent) pathway
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| posterior column | position, vibration, fine touch
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| spinothalamic tract (lateral) | pain, temperature
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| spinothalamic tract (anterior) | crude touch (sharp v. dull)
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| kinesthesia (proprioception) | position of extremities (finger is up or down?)
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| graphesthesia | draw invisible number on pt hand, pt identifies
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| stereognosis | pt closes eyes, identifies common object in hand (key)
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| CN 1 | olfactory
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| CN 2 | optic
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| CN 3 | oculomotor
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| CN 4 | trochlear
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| CN 5 | trigeminal
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| CN 6 | abducens
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| CN 7 | facial
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| CN 8 | acoustic
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| CN 9 | glossopharyngeal
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| CN 10 | vagus
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| CN 11 | spinal
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| CN 12 | hypoglossal
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| CN I fxn | sensory- smell
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| CN II fxn | sensory- vision
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| CN III fxn | mixed- EOMs & pupil constricion/lens shape
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| CN IV fxn | motor- EOM
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| CN V fxn | mixed- muscles of mastication, sensation of face/scalp/cornea
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| CN VI fxn | motor- EOM
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| CN VII fxn | mixed- facial movement (smile), taste ant. 2/3 tongue
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| CN VIII fxn | sensory- hearing
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| CN IX fxn | mixed- larynx/pharynx motion & gag reflex, taste post. 1/3 tongue
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| CN X fxn | mixed- larynx/pharynx motion, sensation from carotid body
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| CN XI fxn | motor- head/neck ROMs
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| CN XII fxn | motor- stick out tongue
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| deep tendon reflexes | biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, knee, ankle
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| superficial tendon reflexes | abdominal, cremastic (groin tickle), plantar
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| ankle clonus | pump ankle for 30 seconds then hold dorsiflexed; if ankle still pushes, clonus indicates upper motor neuron disease
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| babinski response | (+) toes flex out when bottom of foot is tickled
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Created by:
allisonfay