respiratory
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| primary muscles of respiration | diaphragm & intercostals
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| hypoventilation (pH) | increases CO2 levels, lowers pH
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| hyperventilation (pH) | decreases CO2 levels, raises pH
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| CO2 becomes what in blood | carbonic acid (product of ? in blood)
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| sternal angle | angle of louie
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| apex | top of lungs (above clavicle)
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| # of rib pairs | 12 pairs
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| # ribs attached to sternum | 7 pairs
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| # rib pairs attached to costal cartilage | 3 pairs
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| # rib pairs floating | 2 pairs
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| mediastinum | middle of thoracic cavity (esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels)
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| shorter lung | right lung (because of liver)
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| narrower lung | left lung (because of heart)
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| lung with 3 lobes | right lung
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| lung with 2 lobes | left lung
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| posterior view of lungs | mostly lower lung for both; upper lobe T1-T3 or T4
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| anterior view of lungs | contains mostly upper and middle lobe; very little lower lobe
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| trachea bifurcation | sternal angle
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| pneumothorax | pleural space filled with air
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| dyspnea | shortness of breath (SOB)
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| normal AP to transverse diameter | 1:2
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| resonance | normal percussion sound over healthy lung tissue
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| hyperresonance | too much air present in lung tissue
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| dullness | abn/inc. density in lungs= pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, tumor
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| bronchial/tracheal breath sounds | loud; inspiration<expiration; harsh/hollow/tubular; over trachea & larynx
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| bronchovesicular breath sounds | moderate amp; inspir=expir; mixed quality; over major bronchi- sternal border, 2nd & 3rd ICS
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| vesicular breath sounds | soft; inspir>expir; rustling, like wind; over peripheral lung fields
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| fine crackles | high pitched, short popping sounds, do not clear with cough (alveoli sticking together)
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| course crackles | loud, low pitched, bubbling/gurgling sounds; start early in inspir, maybe present in expir (pneumonia, CHF-> pulm. edema)
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| fine crackles | sounds like: rubbing hair together
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| course crackles | sounds like: velcro
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| wheeze (sibilant) | high pitched, musical squeeking, polyphonic; mostly in expiration, maybe both; air passing through narrowed bronchioles (bronchitis/asthma)
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| wheeze (sonorous) | low pitched; monophonic; musical snoring/moaning sound. prominent on expir; may clear somewhat with cough; air passing through narrowed bronchus
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| stridor | high pitched; monophonic; inspiratory; crowing sound; louder in neck than chest wall (croup)
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| stridor | sounds like: barking when inhaling
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| aging respiratory system | * less mobile thorax= more shallow breaths
*dec. respiratory muscle strength
*dec. elasticity within lungs= lungs don't recoil and push air out as well -> decreased vital capacity, increased residual volume
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Created by:
allisonfay