cardiovascular
Help!
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| only artery to carry deoxy blood | pulmonary artery
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| only vein to carry oxygenated blood | pulmonary vein
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| side of heart with higher pressure | L side of heart (pressure)
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| largest vessel in body | aorta
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| pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial node (SA node)
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| purkinje fibers | last electrical impulse of heart- keeps you alive
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| early diastole | atrium & ventricle resting
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| diastole | ventricle resting, atrium contracting
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| diastole (valves) | AV valves open, semilunar valves shut
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| systole | ventricular contraction, atrial resting
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| systole (valves) | semilunar valves open, AV valves shut
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| semilunar valves | aortic & pulmonic
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| AV valves | mitral & tricuspid
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| late diastole | atrium contracts for a firmer push of blood
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| S1, "lub" | beginning systole, AV valves shutting
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| S2, "dup" | diastole, semilunar valves shutting
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| stenotic valves | calcification of valves; creates turbulent flow, may cause an extra sound when opened
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| incompetent valves | abn valves that allow back flow or regurgitation of blood (eroded or floppy.. MVP)
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| mitral valve closure | best heard at 5th ICS, midclav (@apical)
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| tricuspid valve closure | heard best @ 4-5th ics @ left sternal border
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| aortic valve closure | heard at 2nd ics, R sternal border
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| pulmonic valve closure | heard at 2nd ics, L sternal border
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| orthopnea | trouble breathing when laying down
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| dry cough | trying to clear lungs congested w/ blood
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| cardiac risk factors | high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, low exercise, stress, diabetes, family hx, being male, females postmenopause
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| S1, AV valves | coincides with carotid pulse
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| S3 | insufficient pumping of blood.. blood rushing in hits blood still in chamber; "Kentucky" rhythm; CHF
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| S4 | resistant to filling, stiffening of heart; "tennessee"; cardiomyopathy
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| summation gallop | cardiomyopathy going into CHF; "mississippi"
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| S2, semilunar valves | pulmonic, aortic; heard loudest at base
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| left lateral position | listen to apex of heart
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| pt sits up, leans fwd | listen to base of heart; good for murmurs
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| internal jugular | vessel medial to sternomastoid muscle (vein)
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| external jugular | vessel lateral to sternomastoid muscle
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| carotid artery | vessel medial to sternomastoid (artery)
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| R-sided heart failure | jugular venous pressure >3cm
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| L-sided heart failure | pt experiences orthopnea
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| epitrochlear lymph nodes | inside arm.. shake hands & feels between bi&triceps
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| edema scale | 1+ to 4+
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| chronic arterial insuff. | *cooler temp
*pallor (esp on elevation) OR dusky redness (if blood is stuck)
*progressive pain at rest
*decrease or absent pulses
*thin, shiny, atrophic skin
*loss of hair over foot & toes
*thickened nails
*ulcers on TOES
*gangrene, <02=<healing
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| chronic venous insuff. | *aching pain on dependency
*normal pulses; possibly hard to find
*edema
*petechiae
*brown pigmentation r/t bilirubin backup from breakdown of petechiae
*thickened skin
*ulcerations at SIDE OF ANKLES due to inc. pressure
*normal temp
*no gangrene
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| deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) | *sharp, deep calf muscle pain
*increasing pain /c dorsiflexion (Homan's sign)
*sometimes: warmth, swelling, redness.
*always: tender to palpation
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Created by:
allisonfay