River Vocabulary for Hoover High School Environmental Science
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| Algae | group of primitive, non-floweringplants which include certain seaweed andmicroscopic phytoplankton.
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| *Alkalinity | The amount of calcium carbonated in water.
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| Anadromous fish | fish such as Americanshad, that migrate from their primary habitatin the ocean to freshwater to spawn.
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| Artificial Eutrophication | When excess nitrogen or phosperous gets into the water, things grow quickly and use up oxygen.
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| Benthic organisms | plants and animals living in or on the bottom in aquatic environments.
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| Biological Assessment using Benthic Macroinvertebrates | Different invertebrates grow in different levels of pollution, making these animals ecological indicators.
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| Boundary layer | the layer of water closest to the rocks and rubble on a stream or river bottom; this layer moves slower than the
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| Catadromous fish | fish such as the American eel, that migrate from their primary freshwater habitat to the ocean to spawn
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| Complete metamorphosis | life cycle of certain insects that involves four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
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| Decomposer | organisms (such as bacteria, fungus, and some macroinvertebrates) that breakdown dead organic matter.
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| Detritus | decomposed or partly decomposed plant and animal matter.
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| *Dissolved oxygen | free oxygen (O2) released into the water by photosynthesis and by air-water interactions; it is essential for respiration of aquatic animals.
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| Ecology | the study of interrelationships of living things to one another and to their environment.
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| Erosion | the wearing away of land surfaces by wind or water; erosion occurs naturally but it is often intensified by man’s land use practices
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| Eutrophication | over-enrichment of a body of water as a result of excessive nutrient loading, often resulting in depletion of dissolved oxygen.
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| Filter collectors | any aquatic organism that feeds by removing small organic particles from the water.
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| Food Web | complex interaction of food chains in a biological community, shows energy flow
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| Functional feeding groups | a way of categorizing organisms according to what they eat and how they obtain food
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| Groups 1,2,& 3 of pollution tolerance (Benthic Macroinvertebrates) | Different benthinc invertebrates are tollerant of different levels of pollution, so monitoring the population of each level can be an indicator of pollution.
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| *Hardness (water quality test) | A measure of minerals in water.
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| Non-point source of pollution | pollution from an unknown source.
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| *pH | the measure of the acidity of a liquid. A higher pH means the liquid is basic, while a lower pH means it's acidic.
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| phytoplankton | the plant form of plankton
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| Point source pollution | pollution from a definable source, such as outfall pipe.
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| Pollution | the addition of substance(s) to an environment in greater than natural concentration as a result of human activity producing a net detrimental effect on the environment.
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| Predator | an organism that feeds on other animals.
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| Primary producers | organisms using the sun’s energy and inorganic nutrients to synthesize organic compounds which in turn may provide energy to other organisms.
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| Runoff | water that collects on land and runs into waterways after rainfall.
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| Scrappers | any aquatic organism that feeds on algae, bacteria, fungus, etc. growing on submerged objects
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| Sediment | particles which accumulate on the bottom of a waterway
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| Sewage treatment | – Primary: screening or settling large solids out of sewage
–Secondary: removal of organic material in sewage by aeration and by bacterial action.
–Tertiary: removal of nutrients and traces of toxic organic material from sewage.
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| Shredders | any aquatic organism that feeds on coarse organic material, such as leaves or twigs.
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| Substrate Types | Components of the bottom of a river
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| Tributaries | streams and rivers that supply a larger body of water.
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| Trophic levels | the levels at which an organisms feeds in a food web (primary consumers, predators, etc.)
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| *Turbidity | the measurement of water cloudiness; it may be affected by such things as sediment and plankton concentrations. A Secchi disk is a white plate-sized disk attachedto a rope, that when lowered down into the water measures turbidity.
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| Watershed | an area of land that is drained by a specified river or other body of water.
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| Watersheds of Alabama | Tennessee River, Tombigbee River, Black Warrior River, Cahaba River, Coosa River, Alabama River, Tallapoosa River, Alabama River, Conecuh River, Escatawpa River, Choctawhatchee River, Chattahoochee River, Perdido River, Mobile Bay
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| Wetland | any area that is occasionally or permanently covered with water.
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| Zooplankton | the animal form of plankton.
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| Anoxic conditions | situation where the dissolved oxygen level of water becomes to low to sustain most aquatic life
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