Radioactivity
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| process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles and/or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation | radioactivity
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| charged particles or energy emitted by an unstable nucleus | nuclear radiation
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| type of radiation composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons | alpha particle
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| type of radiation that is an electron | beta particle
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| type of radiation that is a form of electromagnetic wave | gamma ray
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| type of radiation have a positive electric charge | alpha particle
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| type of radiation have a negative charge | beta
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| most massive form of radiation | alpha particle
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| form of radiation stopped by a piece of paper | alpha radiation
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| type of radiation stopped by a sheet of aluminium foil | beta particle
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| type of radiation that requires a thick peice of lead to stop | gamma ray
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| most dangersous form of radiation | gamma ray
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| a nucleus gives up two protons and two neutrons during | alpha decay
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| a nucleus gains a proton and loses a neutron during | beta decay
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| the time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay | half-life
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| the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus | strong nuclear force
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| the process by which a nucleus splits into two or more smaller fragments, releasing neutrons and energy | fission
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| the scientist who proposed that mass and energy are equivalent to each other | albert einstein
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| a series of fission processes in which the neutrons emitted by a dividing nucleus causes the division of other nuclie | nuclear chain reaction
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| the minimum mass of a fissionable isotope in which a nuclear chain reaction can occur | critical mass
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| the process in which light nuclei combine at extremely high temperatures, forming heavier nuclei and releasing energy | fusion
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| the scientist who discovered radioactivity | henri becquerl
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| nuclear radiation can cause | genetic mutations
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| a major problem with the use of nuclear fusion for energy is the storing of the | radioactive waste products
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| a change in the appearance of a substance; no new substance is formed | physical change
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| a change in which the original substance is changed into a new substance; atoms remain the same | chemical change
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| a change in which the number of protons and/or neutrons in an atom is altered | nuclear change
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| charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes | nuclear radiation
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| positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons (the same as helium nucleus) | alpha particle
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| Alpha particles are the _________ penetrating type of nuclear radiation | least
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| the time required for one half of a sample of radioisotope to decay | half-life
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| The greater the number of protons in a nucleus the greater is the __________e that repels those protons | electric force
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| the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. | strong force
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| Over very__________ the strong nuclear force is much great than the electric forces among protons. | short distances
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| All nuclei with more than __________protons are radioactive | eighty three
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| In nuclear fission, tremendous amounts of ______ can be produced from very small amounts of mass. | energy
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| minimum amount of a substance that can sustain a chain reaction. | critical mass
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| Fusion requires extremely _________ | temperature
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| state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons | plasma
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| Nuclear power plants produce ____________that must be isolated and stored so that it does not harm people or the environment. | radioactive waste
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| the core of the reactor melts and radioactive material may be released | meltdown
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