ch. 18 endocrine vocab
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| adrenal cortex | outer section of each adrenal gland
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| adrenal medulla | inner section of each adrenal gland
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| ovaries | two endocrine glands in a female's lower abdomen
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| pancreas | endocrine gland behind the stomach
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| parathyroid glands | four small endocrine glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland
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| pituitary glands (hypophysis) | endocrine land at the base of the brain
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| testes | two endocrine glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male
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| thyroid gland | endocrine gland in the neck
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| adrenaline | produced by the adrenal medulla
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) also called adrenocorticotropin
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| aldosterone | produced by the adrenal cortex
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| androgen | male hormone produced by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
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| calcitonin | produced by the thyroid gland
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| cortisol | produced by the adrenal cortex
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| epinephrine | produced by the adrenal medulla
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| estradiol | an estrogen produced by the ovaries
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| estrogen | female hormone produced by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
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| glucagon | hormone produced by the alpha islet cells of the pancreas
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| growth hormone (GH) | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| insulin | produced by the beta islet cells of the pancreas
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| luteinizing hormone (LH) | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| noreponephrine | produced by the adrenal medulla and as a sympathomimetic increases heart rate and blood pressure
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| oxytocin (OT) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| parathormone (PTH) | produced by the parathyroid glands
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| progesterone | produced by the ovaries
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| prolactin (PRL) | produced by the anterior
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| somatotropin | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
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| testoterone | male hormone produced by the testes
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| thyroxine (T4) | produced by the thyroid gland
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| triiodothyronine (T3) | produced by the thyroid gland
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| vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| catecholamines | hormones dervied from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla
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| corticosteriods | hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
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| electrolyte | mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells
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| glucocorticoid | hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
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| gonadocorticoid | sex hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
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| homeostasis | tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
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| hormone | substance produced by an endocrine gland that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland
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| hypothalamus | region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
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| mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body
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| receptor | cellular protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
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| sella turcica | cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland
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| steroid | complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made
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| sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system
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| target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected by specific hormones
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