Medical-Chp.14 Terms
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| mode of transmission | a way that causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live
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| nonpathogens | a microorganisms that is capable of causing a disease
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| microorganism | small, living plant or animal not visible to the naked eye; a microbe
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| fomites | any substance or object that adheres to and transmits infectious material
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| fungi | group of simple plant like animals that live on dead organic matter (ex. yeast and molds)
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| nosocomial | protaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital
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| susceptible host | a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak
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| portal of entry | a way for causative agent to enter a new reservoir or host
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| reservoir | an area where the causative agent can live; some common reservoirs include the human body, animals, the environment, and fomites
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| causative agent | a pathogen, such as bacterium or virus that can cause a disease
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| portal of exit | a way for causative agent to escape from reservoir in which it has been growing
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| Hepatitis B | serum hepatitis - caused by blood, serum, and other body secretions
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| Hepatitis C | is transmitted by blood and blood containing fluid
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| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | caused by HIV and suppresses the immune system
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| disinfection | aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses
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| contaminated | containing infection or infetious organisms or germs
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| chain of infection | factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease
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| bacteria | one-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease
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| bioterroism | the use of biological agents, such as pathogens, for terroist purposes
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| antisepsis | aseptic control that inhabits, retards growth of, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective agaisnt spores and viruses
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| asepsis | being free from infection
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| endogenous | infection or disease originating within the body
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| exogenous | infection or disease originating outside of or external to the body
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| anaaerobic | not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absence of oxygen
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| aerobic | requiring oxygen to live and grow
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| protozoa | microscopic, one-celled animals oftenvfound in decayed materials and contaminated water
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| Helminths | a parasitic worm (ex. tapeworm or leech)
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| pathogens | disease-producing organism
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| viruses | one of a large group of very small microorganisms, many of which cause disease
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| rickettsiae | parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms
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| opporunisitic | an infection that occurs when the body's immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment
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| sterile | free of all organisms, including spores and viruses
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| sterilization | process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms; also, surgical procedure that prevents conception of child
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| personal protective equipment (PPE) | protective barriers such as mask, gown, gloves, and protective eyewear that help protect a person from contact with infectious material
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| standard precautions | recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids
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