theory lecture
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| What are the 3 big theories? | generative/Nature, behaviorist/nurture, interactionists (Cog and Social)
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| what are some features of nature? (2) | 1. there is a critical time period for learning language
2. infant speech perception seems to indicate the brain is hardwired to hear sounds.
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| According to Nativists theory, what does the child bring to the table? | 1. Universal grammar
2. Language Acquisition
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| what is Universal Grammar | this means the child is born with an innate capacity for knowing the rules for language
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| What have nativists contributed to the field of slp | a real focus on syntax
gives us a rich description of the language
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| what is a concern we get from nativists? | they don't really have a therapy basis because they figure the child will work it out.
ignores the role of caretakers
ignores pragmatics and connected speech
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| What is the principle and parameter behind the update to nativists and universal grammar theory? | all languages have a verb subject order, however the parameter of a individual language is that different languages have different order for their verb subject matter.
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| who are the stars of Nativists theory? | Chomsky and Pinker
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| which approach uses Brown's stages to write goals? | Nativists because they are focused on Syntax, the grammar portion of language.
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| what was the semantic revolution and who led it? | Lois Bloom said that semantics, meaning, came before the universal grammar of syntax, grammar.
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| what are some assumptions of the Nurture concept, who led it and what else was it called? | behaviorism, BF Skinner, Operant conditioning.
1. language is learned like all things
2. language is observable and measureable.
3. enviornment is important part.
4. child is empty vessel.
5. parents are teachers of language
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| what is assumed the child brings in behaviorism | 1. ability to associate behavior with a reinforcer.
2. imitating
3. DOES NOT HAVE a concept of meaning or intentions.
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| how does behaviorism work? | langauge is learned by operant conditioning, stimulus,-response-reinforcement.
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| what are some of the verbal behaviors associated with behaviorism or ABA | tact, mand, intraverbal, autoclitic
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| what are some concerns of behaviorism? | there is no separation from context, meaning there may not be generalization
not much is actually reinforced by parents nor is there enough environmental stimulus to speak to how fast a child learns.
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| what are the clinical contributions of behaviorism? | 1. showed how important data is in assessment and intervention.
2. huge impact on invervention, think of working with kids and artic problems.
3. helps breakdown complex materials
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| what are 5 clinical contributions from behaviorists that can be grouped together? | 1. attention
2. modeling
3. imitation
4. repeated trails.
5. discrimination training
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| what are some clinical concerns? | 1. doesn't tell about origin of language disorders
2. adult directed
3. utterances are imitated rather than generated
4. lack of attention to pragmatics
5. huge problem with generalization
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| what is the interactionists models? (2) | 1. cognitive interactions
2. social interactionists
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| Why are these called interactionists models? | because the child brings something to the table while the environment also plays a role, meaning some nature and some nurture.
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| Which model is concerned with information processing? | cognitive interactionsts model
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| what are some features of Information Processing? | currently called connectionists
it is a parallel processing network, instead of serial processing.
connections that occur more freq. are strengthened
kids are born with the ability/potential to make connections between symbols and representation
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| what theory came up with the bottom up model? | information processing model
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| what does bottom up model mean? | it means that the cognitive mechanisms are affected by the frequency of the input
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| what are the contributions to slps in the information processing theories | given bottom-up assessment (auditory procesing or testing word retrieval.
programs like fast forword and aerobics
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| what are some concerns about information processing theories? | are the intervention techniques relevant?
is processing paid attention at the expense of everything else.
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| who was Piaget? | he came up with cognitive theory
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| what do children bring to the Piaget's cognitive theory? | active processors of information
develop linguistic structures (grammar?) only when they have met certian cog requirements
kids cog abilities differ from adults.
language is used for abstract thought.
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| Piaget, what is the child learnign? | concepts-language is used to map words on abstract concepts
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| what are some contributions to slps? Piaget | acknowledges the inner processes
emphasis on the construction fo knowledge
began to evaluate preverbal language (play)
slps now write goals for domains other than speech.
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| what are some concerns of Piaget's theory? | ignores the role of linguistic input
many children have language abilities that are not commensurate with cognition
used to justify eligibility DENIAL
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| who was Vygotsky and what was his theory? 3 | social cognitive model
he developed Zone of Proximal Development
focused on pragmatic language
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| what is zpd | this means that as slps we teach kids what they are capable of but don't have the skills yet. but we don't teach kids skills that are beyond their reach at present.
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| what does the child bring in social interaction theory? | social motivation or the desire to have contact with others
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| what has ZPD been linked to? | Theory of Mind, or the idea that one can acknowledge one's own feelings and attribute those ideas to others.
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| what are the contributions to the social intearction theory? | pragmatic focus
play based therapy gains foothold
broad based approach to therapy
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| what are some concerns of social interactionists theory | needs more focus on all aspects of langauge, not just pragmatics.
natural/play may not always be better
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