chapter 2 notes
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| define incidence | the probability that new cases of any disorder will develop over a period of time
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| define prevalence | the estimate of all the cases of the disorder at a given time
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| what do factors like age, gender, and different sub populations (phonological delays/disorders? directly implicate for understanding stuttering? | causation and dynamics of stuttering
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| why is it important to know the incidence rates of stuttering | knowing the incidence estimates of new stuttering cases can help prevent the disorder
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| why is it important to know the current prevalence estimates in stuttering | to help treat the disorder.
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| what are some gender differences in stuttering? | more males than females stutter
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| what is important about knowing that there are a lower incidence rate of deaf people who stutter? | shows that auditory processing might play a huge role in stuttering?
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| why is it important to know the how many new cases there are of stuttering? Professionally speaking? | if we don't know how many new cases there are we don't know if we need to provide training to new grad students and continuing ed for current slps.
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| what are the 3 approaches to prevalence research? | 1. questionnaires returened by secondhand informers (school teachers
2. face to face examinations of the participants (kids) by examiners
3. multiple procedures, input from teachers then screening by investigators
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| what is a benefit to face to face prevalence research? | most reliable because the researchers know what they are looking for in terms of stuttering.
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| what are the 2 approaches to incidence research? | longitudinal studies
retrospective reports
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| what is a longitudinal study? | the same group of individuals is followed for a period of time.
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| what is a retrospective report? | records are examined or informants are surveyed to obtain information about past events.
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| what are some actual biological factors in prevalence and incidence of stuttering? (6) | family type
age
gender
deafness
cleft palate
cognitive
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| what are some family type factors? | huge predictor of stuttering. if there is a family member who stutters, there will likely be a PWS somewhere in teh family
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| what are some Age factors in stuttering? (4) | 1. strongest risk factor for stuttering
2. large proportion of cases erupts during the preschool years
3. huge decline in stuttering as the children get older.
4. decline in stuttering prevalence with age is related to age and natural recovery
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| last two age factors in stuttering | mean age of onset is 2-4 years
natural recovery can happen within a few weeks after onset and most children see a recovery within 4 years.
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| gender factors in stuttering (4) | 1. 3:1 ratio of boys who stutter to girls
2. as they get older ratio becomes as much as 5.5:1
3. thoughts on widening ratio include, boys start stuttering later and greater natural recovery among girls
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| which two populations have very little incidence of stuttering? | deaf and cleft palate
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| which sub population has a greater incidence of stuttering | cognitive impaired and specifically Down's syndrome
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| what is interesting about CI folks | they don't seem to have the emotional "issues" with stuttering that others have.
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