USMLE Step 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Epidermophyton | cutaneous fungus,form hyphae,cause dermatophytosis (ringworm;tinea),pruritic papules/vesicles,broken hair & nails, red ring w/ ctral clearing
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| Trichophyton | cutaneous fungus,form hyphae,cause dermatophytosis (ringworm;tinea),pruritic papules/vesicles,broken hair & nails, red ring w/ ctral clearing
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| Microsporum | cutaneous fungus,form hyphae,cause dermatophytosis (ringworm;tinea),pruritic papules/vesicles,broken hair & nails, red ring w/ ctral clearing,glows under wood's lamp
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| Malassezia Furfur aka Pityrosporum orbiculare or ovale | cutaneous fungus,cause tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor)-hypopigmented areas,pruritis,+/- scaling,form hyphae
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| Petroellidium | subcutaneous fungus,cause mycetoma-pus draining abscesses,form 'tree-shaped' sporangia
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| Madurella | subcutaneous fungus,cause mycetoma-pus draining abscesses,form 'tree-shaped' sporangia
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| Sporothrix schenckii | subcutaneous fungus,cause sporotrichosis-local pustules @ site of puncture wounds by plants,form 'cigar-shaped' budding yeast
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| Coccidioides immitis | systemic fungus,cause coccidioidomycosis,soil:arthrospores inhaled,tissue:endospores,in Southwest when inhale arthrospore turn in2 endospore-disseminate 2 bone,skin & CNS=high death rate,in immunocompetent individuals cause non-disseminated Valley Fever
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| Histoplasma capsulatum aka histoplasmosis, note spreads to liver & spleen also heals by calcification | systemic,dimorphic fungus;asx;OH & MI river valleys-inhale spores,macrophages ingulf,spores become oval 2 budding yeast,lives in soil thats rich w/ bird droppings(esp starlings),also bat guano;high risk w/ spelunking & soil excavation;sxs like pulm TB
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| Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis) | systemic,dimorphic fungus;yeast:broad-based bud;N. America in OH,MI & St Lawrence Rivers also the Great Lakes;moist soil,rich in organic material,conidia inhaled leading to skin & bone granulomas
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| Cryptococcus neoformans | opportunistic,monomorphic fungus;develop pseudohyphae in tissue;risk:bird droppings,eg pigeon;yeast inhaled,asx or pneumonia & if low cell immunity cause dissemination 2 CNS=meningitis,test by India Ink Stain
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| Candida albicans (candidiasis) | opportunistic,monomorphic fungus;prod germtubes (during germination) & pseudohyphae;causes vulvovaginitis,thrush,esophagitis,intertrigo (rash of the body folds),endocarditis
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| Aspergillus (aspergillosis), note ABA causes asthmatic sxs + high IGE titers | opportunistic,monomorphic fungus;grows in decaying veget,V-shaped septated hyphae;grow in warm 'cavities' like by TB in lung;colonize wounds,cornea & sinuses cause 'fungus balls';chronic contamination of bronchi cause 'Allergic Bronchopulm Aspergillosis'
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| Mucor (mucormycosis) | opportunistic,monomorphic fungus:mold,non-septate hyphae w/ right-angled branches,attacks immunocompromised (esp DKA,burns or leukemia),multiply in bld vessel walls of GI,lungs & paranasal sinuses=block bld vessels lead to infarct & necrosis
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| Rhizopus (mucomycosis) | opportunistic,monomorphic fungus:mold,non-septate hyphae w/ right-angled branches,attacks immunocompromised (esp DKA,burns or leukemia),multiply in bld vessel walls of GI,lungs & paranasal sinuses=block bld vessels lead to infarct & necrosis
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| Aspergillus flavus | Aspergillus species that grows on grains, cereals, nuts; produces aflatoxin, a potent hepatotoxin
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| Cladosporium werneckii | cutaneous mycoses,tinea nigra,infection of keratinized layer of skin,appears as a brownish spot
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| Pneumocystis carinii, now termed Pneumocystis jiroveci known as a yeast-prior was thought to be a protozoan | in horses,sheep,rodents;transmitted by inhalation;asx;cause diffuse interstitial pneumonia(PCP),in AIDS pt & premies,spread 2 liver,spleen & bone marrow,100% fatal w/o tx,sudden onset fever,cough & dyspnea,bilat rales & rhonchi,tx w/ TMP-SMX or dapsone
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Created by:
jerrica_08
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