Holt Physical Science Chapter 9: Work and Energy
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| compound machine | a machine made of more than 1 simple machine
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| efficiency | a quantity, usually a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to total work output
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| kinetic energy | the energy of a moving object due to its motion
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| mechanical advantage | a quantity that measures how much a maching multiplies force or distance
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| mechanical energy | the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of objects in a mechanical system
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| potential energy | the stored energy resulting from the relative positions of objects in a system
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| power | a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done
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| simple machines | simple lever, pulley, wheel and axle, simple inclined plane, wedge, screw
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| work | a quantity that measures the effects of a force acting over a distance
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| calculating work | force x distance
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| work units | N x m = J (joules)
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| calculating power | work / time
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| power units | J / sec = W (watts)
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| calculating mechanical advantage | output force / input force = input distance / output distance
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| lever family | simple lever, pulley, wheel and axle
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| inclined plane family | simple inclined plane (ramp), wedge, screw
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| calculating potential energy | m x g x h (mass x gravity x height)
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| calculating kinetic energy | 1/2 x m x v x v (1/2 x mass x velocity squared)
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| chemical energy | energy from composition and position of atoms (type of potential energy)
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| electrical energy | energy from the flow of electrons
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| nuclear energy | energy from the splitting or combining of atoms
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| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed
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| closed system | a system in which very little energy is transferred in or out
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| open system | Energy is easily transferred in and out
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| calculating efficiency | useful work output / total work output
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| perpetual motion machine | a machine which would continue forever without further input of energy (theoretical)
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