Circulatory System
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| Circulatory Sytem | consist of the cardiovascular sytem (heart and blood vessels) and the lymphatic system (conveyance of the fluid lymph)
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| Extracellular fluid | fluid outside body cells
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| Plasma | the fluid portion of the blood in which corpuscles are suspended
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| Intercellular | fluid that fills spaces between cells outside of the blood vessels
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| Interstitial | fluid that fills spaces between cells outside of the blood vessels
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| Tissue Fluid | fluid that fills spaces between cells outside of the blood vessels
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| Intracellular fluid | fluid located inside the cells
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| Pericardium | the sac that is made up of a double membrane which encloses the heart
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| Peritcarditis | inflammation of the pericardium.
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| Endocardium | forms the lining inside of the heart
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| Endocarditis | often caused by infective organisms that invade the endocardium
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| Myocardium | heart muscle itself
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| Myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle
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| Cardiomyopathy | general dyognostic term that designates primary heart disease
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| Coronay arteries | blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart
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| Coronary heart disease | heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen of the heart muscle; this condition is caused by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries
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| Hypertension | elevated blood pressure
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| Hypotension | low blood pressure
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| Angina pectoris | severe pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart
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| Arrhythmia | irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat
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| Cardiomegaly | enlarged size of the heart
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| Congenital heart defects | abnormalities present in the heart at birth
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| Fibrillation | a severe cardiay arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and to uncoordinated for effective blood circulation
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| Defribillator | an electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart to restore a proper rhythm
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| Heart failure | cessation of the heartbeat; a clinical condition resulting from failure of the heart to pump the blood effectively and to maintain adequate circulation of the blood
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| Congestive heart failure | a condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness and edema in the lower portions of the body
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| Heart murmur | a soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart
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| Hyperlipemia | excessive blood in heart
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| Infarction | formation of a localized area of tissue that under goes necrosis (death of tissue) following lack of blood supply to that area.
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| Myocardial infarction | death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation
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| Myocardial ischemia | defeciency of blood supply to the myocardium
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| Shock | a serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that the body tissues do not receive enough blood
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| Open heart surgery | refers to operative procedures on the heart after it has been exposed through an incision of the chest wall
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| Cardiopulmonary bypass | is the method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily while surgery of the heart and major vessels is performed
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| Pulmonary | lungs
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| Cardiopulmonary | heart and lungs
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| Pacemaker implant | artificial pacemaker implanted to keep the heart rhythm within a desirable range in patients who suffer from severe arrhythmia
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| Cardiac catherterization | tha passage of a long flexible tube into the heart chambers through a vein in an arm or a leg or the neck
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| Endoscopic examination | uses an endoscope, a device consiting of a tube and an optical system for observing inside a hollow organ or cavity
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| Noninvasive procedures | do not require entering the body or puncturing the skin
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| Ultrasound | uses sound waves bounced off tissue to produce a record called a sonogram
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| Echocardiograph | is the term generally associated with the use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease
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| Echocardiogram | is the record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall
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| Computed tomography | produces cross-sectional images of an organ similar to what would be seen if the actual organ were cut in sections
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| Electrocardiogram | is produced by recording the electrical currents of the heart muscle using a device calle an electrocardiograph
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| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | is recommended as an emergency first aid procedure to re-establish heart and lung action if breathing or heart action has stopped
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| vascular | pertains to blood vessels
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| vasodilation | is an increase in the diameter of the blood vessel
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| vasodilators | drugs that dilate the blood vessels are sometimes used to treat hypertension
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| angiomas | are tumors consisting principally of blood vessels or lymph vessels
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| aort/o | aorta
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| arteri/o | artery
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| arteriol/o | arteriole
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| Phleb/o | vein
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| ven/o | vein
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| venul/o | venule
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| Blood transfusion | the process of transferring blood from a donor into a blood vessel of a recipient
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| Anticoagulant | a substance to prevent blood from clotting
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| Transfusion reaction | adverse effect that occurs after transfusion
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| Hematology | the study of blood and blood forming tissues
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| Blood forming tissues | bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
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| Hematoma | a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue or space resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel; bruises or contusion are familiar names
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| Blood coagulation | the process of blood clotting when it is removed from the body
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| Erythrocytes | red blood cells
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| Hemoglobin | is a red, iron containing pigment that transports oxygen to the tissues and the waste product carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exchanged for fresh oxygen
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| Anemia | is a condition in which the number of red blood cells, concentration of hemoglobin, or both are decreased
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| Leukocytes | white blood cells
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| Phagocytes | cells that can ingest and destroy particulate substances such as bacteria, protozoa, cells, and cell debris
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| Leukopenia | abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells
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| Leukocytopenia | abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells
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| Leukocytosis | abnormal decrease in the total number of white blood cells
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| Leukemia | is a progressive malignant disease of the blood forming organs
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| Thrombocytes | blood platelets
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| Thrombocytopenia | a reduction below normal in the number of blood platelets
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| Lymphatics | lymphatic system
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| Primary function of lymphatic system | to collect fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to circulation
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| Lymphadema | swelling that is caused by the obstruction of a lymphatic vessel
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| Lymph nodes | small knots of tissue found at intervals along the course of the lymphatic vessel
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| Lymphatic carcinoma | cancer occuring within the lymphatic sytems
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| Lymphoma | is a general term for cancer originating within the lymphatic system
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| Lymphangitis | is an acute or chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels and can be caused by various microorganisms
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| Lymphangiography | is roentgenography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of a radio-opaque substance has made them visible on xray
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| Lymphangiograms | are useful for checking the integrity of the lymphatic system in lymphedema and for investigating tumors
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| Lymphadenitis | inflammation of the lymph nodes
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| Lymphadenopathy | refers to any disease of the lymph nodes
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| Lymphadenoma | lymphoma
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| Splenomegaly | enlarged spleen
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| Splenectomy | excision of the spleen
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| Tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes of the pharynx
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| Tonsillectomy | excision of the tonils
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| Tonsillitis | Inflammation of the tonsils
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| Pharyngeal tonsils | commonly called adenoids
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| Adenoidectomy | is often performed at the same time as a tonsillectomy
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| Andenoid/o | adenoids
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| Ather/o | yellow fatty plaque
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| Ech/o & Son/o | sound
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| -emia | blood
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| hem/a & hem/o | blood
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| extra- | outside
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| home/o | sameness
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| lymph/o | lymph or lymphatics
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| my/o | muscle
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| pulmon/o | lungs
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| radi/o | radiant or xray energy
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| splen/o | spleen
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| thromb/o | thrombus, blood clot
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| ballein | to throw
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| -bolus | to throw
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