Chapters 14-22
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| T Cells | Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.
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| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The retrovirus that causes AIDS.
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| Herpes Simplex | Oral herpes causes cold sores around the mouth or face.
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| Condyle | A rounded prominence at the end of a bone, most often for articulation with another bone.
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| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone, between the epiphyses.
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| Talipes | A congenital deformity in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position;
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| Comminuted Fracture | When a bone is broken into more than two pieces.
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| Ankylosis | Immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.
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| Atrophy | Decrease in size of an organ or tissue.
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| Dermis | The layer of the skin deep to the epidermis, consisting of a bed of vascular connective tissue, and containing the nerves and organs of sensation, the hair roots, and sebaceous and sweat glands
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| Keratin | Scleroproteins that are the main constituents of epidermis, hair, nails, and horny tissues.
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| Xer/o | DRY
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| Diaphoresis | The secretion of sweat, especially the profuse secretion associated with an elevated body temperature, physical exertion, exposure to heat, and mental or emotional stress.
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| Wheal | Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin
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| Decubitus Ulcer | Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin caused by staying in one position for too long. They commonly form where your bones are close to your skin, such as your ankles, back, elbows, heels and hips. You are at risk if you are bedridden
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| Cones | Receptor cells that allow the perception of colors.
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| Kerat/o |
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| Conjunctivitis | Inflammation or redness of the lining of the white part of the eye and the underside of the eyelid (conjunctiva) that can be caused by infection, allergic reaction, or physical agents like infrared or ultraviolet light.
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| Presbyopia | means "old eye" and is a vision condition involving the loss of the eye's ability to focus on close objects.
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| Tonometry | The measurement of pressure.
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| Cochlea | 1. anything of a spiral form.
2. a spiral tube forming part of the inner ear, which is the essential organ of hearing.
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| Otomycosis | caused by a fungal infection; it thrives in warm, moist climates and is encouraged by poor local hygiene and swimming.
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| Gynecomastia | Male breast.
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| Metastasis | is the spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part.
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| Carcinoma in the situ | Referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures.
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| Staging a tumor | is based on the extent of spread of the tumor
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| T1N2MO | tumor is present with palpable regional lymph nodes and no metastases
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| Mutation | those that stimulate cell growth or or block DNA repair, lead to formation of malignant tumors.
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| Fulguration | The destruction of tissue, usually malignant tumors, by means of a high-frequency electric current applied with a needlelike electrode.
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| Adjuvant | A pharmacological agent added to a drug, predictably affecting the action of the drug's active ingredient.
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| Osteogenic Sarcoma | is a cancer that starts in the bone. It often starts in the ends of the bones where new bone tissue forms as a young person grows.
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| Mucositis | any inflammation of a mucous membrane, such as the lining of the mouth and throat.
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| Nuclear Medicine | the branch of medicine concerned with the use of radionuclides in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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| IVP |
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| FDG |
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| Suppositories | solid capsules made of materials that melt at body temperature and are used to deliver medicinal substances into the rectum.
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| Parenteral Administration |
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| Anaphylaxis | is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death
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| Heparin | Prevents clots in the blood vessels before or after surgery or during certain medical procedures. Also treats certain blood, heart, and lung disorders and helps diagnose and treat certain bleeding disorders. This medicine is a blood thinner.
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| Amphetamine | Central nervous system stimulants are taken orally or intravenously.
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| Caffine | Central nervous system stimulant.
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| Analgesics | are medicines that relieve pain.
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| Forensic Psychiatrist | is a branch of medicine which focuses on the interface of law and mental health
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| Clinical Psychologist | is concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.
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| Compulsion | the repetitive or stereotyped action that is the object of such an urge
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| Autism | Pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior.
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| Repression | 1. the act of restraining, inhibiting, or suppressing.
2. in psychiatry, an unconscious defense mechanism in which unacceptable ideas, fears, and impulses are thrust out or kept out of consciousness.
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| Narcissistic | Grandoise sense of self-importance or uniqueness and preoccupation with fantasies of success and power.
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| Histrionic | Emotional, attention-seeking, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and tantrums; theatrical and flamboyant; general dissatisfaction with
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| Aneroxia Nervosa | Eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight.
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| Bulimia Nervosa | Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression.
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| Thymectomy | is an operation to remove the thymus.
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| Lymphedema | is a network of tissues and organs. It is made up mainly of lymph vessels, lymph nodes and lymph. Lymph vessels, which are different from blood vessels, carry fluid called lymph throughout your body.
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| Anaphylaxis | a rapidly progressing, life-threatening allergic reaction.
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| Lymphoid Organs | The primary, or central, lymphoid organs are the thymus and bone marrow.
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| Hypersplenism | is a type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells.
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| AIDS | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are two variants of the HIV virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2, both of which ultimately cause AIDS.
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| Allergen | an antigenic substance capable of producing immediate hypersensitivity (allergy)
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| Hodgkin Disease | is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The first sign of Hodgkin disease is often an enlarged lymph node. No cure.
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| Achondroplasia | is the most common cause of dwarfism, or significantly abnormal short stature.
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| Dislocation | displacement of a part.
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| Osteoarthritis | is a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual loss of cartilage and resulting in the development of bony spurs and cysts at the margins of the joints.
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| Ankylosing Spondylitis | inflammation of the joints in the spine
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| Ganglion | usually hard bump above a tendon or in the capsule that encloses a joint. A ganglion is also called a synovial hernia or synovial cyst.
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and deformity of the joints.
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| Bunion | is an abnormal enlargement of the joint,It is caused by inflammation and usually results from chronic irritation and pressure from poorly fitting footwear.
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| Gouty Arthritis | inflammation of the joints in gout.
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| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | is a disorder caused by compression at the wrist of the median nerve supplying the hand, causing numbness and tingling.
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| Lyme Disease | is an infection transmitted by the bite of ticks carrying the spiral-shaped bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
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| Acne | Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum.
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| Gangrene | Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply.
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| Psoriasis | Chronic, recurrant dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales.
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| Tinea | Infection of the skin caused by a fungus.
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| Decubitus Ulcer | Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin caused by staying in one position for too long. They commonly form where your bones are close to your skin, such as your ankles, back, elbows, heels and hips. You are at risk if you are bedridden
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| Impetigo | A skin infection caused by bacteria.Symptoms start with red or pimple-like sores surrounded by red skin. These sores can be anywhere, but usually they occur on your face, arms and legs. Pus-
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| Scleroderma | Means hard skin. It is a group of diseases that cause abnormal growth of connective tissue. Connective tissue is the material inside your body that gives your tissues their shape and helps keep them strong. The tissue gets hard or thick. It can cause swel
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| Eczema | Chronic or acute inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, pustular, or papular lesions
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| Malignant Melanoma | Cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes.
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Widespread inflammatory disease of the joints and collagen of the skin with "butterfly" rash on the face. Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs.
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| Choroid | Middle, vascular layer of the eye, betweenthe retina and the sclera.
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| Iris | Pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye.
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| Pupil | The central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. It appears dark.
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| Conjunctiva | Delicate memmbrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.
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| Sclera | Tough white outer coat of the eyeball.
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| Ciliary Body | The ciliary body is the structure in the eye that releases a transparent liquid (called the aqueous humor) within the eye.
The ciliary body also contains the ciliary muscle, which changes the shape of the lens when your eyes focus on something.
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| Cornea | Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
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| Lens | Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.
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| Retina | Light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photorecptor cells (rods and cones)
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| Vitreous Humor | Soft, Jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball.
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| Chemical Carcinogen | An agent that causes cancer.
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| Mitosis | Replication of cells; two identical cells are produced froma parent cell.
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| Oncogene | A region of genetic material found in tumor cells and in viruses that cause cancer.
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| RNA | Cellular substance(ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis.
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| Virus | Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself.
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| DNA | Genetic matierial within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis.
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| Mutation | Change in the genetic material of the cell.
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| Radiation | energy transmitted by waves through space or through some medium; usually referring to electromagnetic radiation, when used without a modifier. By extension, a stream of particles, such as electrons or alpha particles.
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| Ultraviolet Radiation | Rays gven off by the sun; can be cancinogenic
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| Beta-HCG Test | Test for presence of a portion oh human chorionic gondotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer).
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| CEA Test | Blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI Cancer).
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| Laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdonminal cavity; peritoneoscopy.
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| Staging Laparotomy | A procedure in which a particular body region is surgically examined to assess the extent of disease with the purpose of determining the stage or extension of a cancer.
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| Bone Marrow Biopsy | Removal of bone marrow tissue for microscopic examination.
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| Estrogen Receptor Assay | Test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells.
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| Needle Biopsy | may be used to take tissue or fluid samples from muscles, bones and organs, such as the liver or lungs.
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| CA-125 | Protein marker for ovarian cancer detected in the blood.
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| Exfoliative Cytology | Cells scraped off tissue and microscopically examined.
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| PSA Test | Blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostrate cancer.
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| Anticonvulsant | Prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity).
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| Anticoagulant | Prevents blood clotting.
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| Antibiotic | Chemical substance, provided by a plant or microorganisim, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisims in the body.
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| Tranquilizer | Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.
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| Analgesic | Relieves pain.
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| Digoxin | Treats certain heart rhythm problems (atrial fibrillation). Also used to treat heart failure, usually in combination with a diuretic (water pill) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
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| Antihistamine | Blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.
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| Antihypertensive | Medication given to lower high blood pressure.
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| Progestins | Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy
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| Anxiety | Feelings of apprehension, uneasiness,and dred
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| Delusion | Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.
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| Mania | Extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation. Dont confuse with the suffix -mania
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| Amnesia | Loss of memory.
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| Compulsion | Uncontrollable urge to perform and act repeatedly.
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| Dissociation | Uncomfortable feelings are seperated from their real object and redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern.
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| Mutism | Nonreactive state with inability to speak (aphonia).
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| Apathy | Absence. of emotions; lack of interest or emotional envolvement.
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| Conversion | Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis.
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| Hallucionation | False sensory preception (hearing voices and seeing things).
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| Obsession | Persistent idea, emotion, or urge.
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