Terminology of the skeleton
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| acetabulum | rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone) forming the hip joint
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| acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. it overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle
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| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bone in the joint space
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| bone | dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton
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| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone. calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in the bone
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| cancellous bone | spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
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| cartilaginous tissue | flexibla, rubbery connevtive tissue. it is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
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| collagen | dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissue
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| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
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| condyle | knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint
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| cranial bones | skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
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| diaphysis | shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone
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| disk (disc) | flat, round, plate0like structure
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| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
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| epiphysis | each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphysial plate
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| facial bones | bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic
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| fissure | narrow, slit-like oppening in or between bones
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| fontanelle | soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant
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| foramen | opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. the foramen megnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
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| fossa | shallow cavity in a bone
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| haversian canals | minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
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| malleolus | round process on both sides of the ankle joint
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| manubrium | upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle
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| mastoid process | round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
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| medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
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| mataphysis | flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate
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| olecranon | large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of flexed elbow
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| osseous tissue | bone tissue
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| ossification | process of bone formation
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| osteoblast | bone cell that helps form bony tissue
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| osteoclast | dbone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tisue
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| periosteum | membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
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| phosphorus | mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
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| pubic symphysis | area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. they are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk
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| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
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| ribs | twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall
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| sella turcica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
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| sinus | hollow air cavity within a bone
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| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
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| suture | joint between bones, such as the skull
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| temporomandibular joint | connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw
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| trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone
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| trochanter | large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons
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| vertabra | individual backbone composed of the vertabral body, vertabral arch, spinous process, tranverse process, lamina, and neural canal
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| xiphoid process | lower, narrow portion of the sternum
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| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
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| ewing sarcoma | maliognant bone tumor
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| exostosis | bony growth arising from the surface of bone
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| fracture | traumatic breaking of a bone
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| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor arising from bone
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| osteomalacia | softening of bone, with inadaquate amounts of calcium in the bone
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density; thinning and weakening of bone
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| talipes | congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)
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