molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth's surface
cementation
sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moves through rock and soil
metamorphic rock
forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both
compaction
process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them
non foliated
describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers
extrusive
describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface
rock
mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary
foliated
describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers
rock cycle
model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time
granitic
describes generally light-colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock
sediments
loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that gave been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity
igneous rock
rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens
sedimentary rock
forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions
intrusive
describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface
