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| Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) | An uncommon motor neuron disease in which the LMN is uninvolved.
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| Progressive Bulbar Palsy (PBP) | A syndrome characterized by LMN weakness involving the muscles of the cranial nerves. Often thought of as ALS without the involvement of the limbs. Commonly associated with dysphagia.
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| Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) | A degenerative neurological disease associated with neuronal atrophy. PSP results in multiple system degeneration, which often looks like Parkinson's Disease, but is typically more involved.
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| Quadriplegia Paralysis | of the four extremities.
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| Qualifier | A word that modifies the meaning of another word.
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| Quality | A characteristic. Degree of greatness.
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| Quantifier | Word used to express the amount of some quantity.
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| Quantity | Something that can be measured.
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| Question | Information Request.
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| Random | Chance occurrence.
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| Range | Distance of two values from each other.
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| Rarefaction | The process of compacting particle matter.
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| Rate | Speed of transmission.
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| Rate Control | Method used in therapy to improve intelligibility by slowing rate and increasing articulatory range of motion.
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| Rate of Maturation | Time periods in which developmental milestones are expected to be achieved.
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| Raw Score | Number of items passed.
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| Reaction Time | Interval between a stimulus and some response.
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| Reasoning | Application of general principles to problem solving.
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| Rigidity | Term used to refer to slowness and stiffness of movement.
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| Saccule | Small sac.
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| Sagittal | Anterior to posterior direction.
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| Salience | Importance.
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| Sample | A small group used to represent the larger population.
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| Schizophrenia | Collection of psychotic disturbances. e.g. childhood schizophrenia is a disorder of childhood, marked by lack of communication with others and an impairment of reality.
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| Senescence | Term used to refer to the process of aging.
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| Senile | Of old age.
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| Sensation | Awareness via the senses.
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| Sequential Motion Rate (SMR) | Involves measuring the ability to move rapidly between different articulatory postures. For example, rapidly articulating puh-tuh-kuh repeatedly.
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| Single-Photon Emission | Computed A procedure in which the amount of Tomography (SPECT) blood flowing through a structure can be examined. The computer displays blood flow concentrations on a monitor using different colors that allow for the examiner to describe the amount of blo
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| Skeletal Muscles | The muscles involved in moving body parts through the exertion of muscle fibers, joints and tendons.
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| Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD) | The term used to describe a focal laryngeal dystonia in which the vocal folds spasm in the adducted, abducted, or a combination of these positions during phonation.
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| Spirantization | Thought to be a result of articulatory undershooting in which the stop gap of a consonant (stop or affricate) is replaced with low intensity frication (viewed by means of an acoustic waveform).
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| Stenosis | Narrowing of a structure; constriction of a hollow organ typically due to scar tissue formation.
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| Tactile | Referring to the sense of touch.
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | Hyperkinetic, involuntary movements, typically associated with long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.
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| Target | Projected goal or sound.
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| Telecoil | Hearing aid coil used to pick up telephone signals.
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| Telecommunication | Device for the Deaf A device that allows for hearing (TDD) impaired individuals to send and receive messages.
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| Telegraphic Speech | An utterance that is shortened by using the most important words needed to convey its meaning.
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| Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) | A brief loss of hearing sensitivity, commonly the result of a short period of noise exposure.
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| Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome | Impairment of the structure and function of the TMJ, resulting in discomfort while performing daily activities, such as eating, speaking, etc.
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| Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) | Joint that allows for up and down movement of the jaw.
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| Tendon | Fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
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| Tension | Physical, mental, or emotional strain.
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| Theory | Logical explanation.
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| Therapeutic | Referring to treatment.
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| Therapeutic Error Signal | Methods and procedures involved in determining a patients best modality.
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| Thoracic | Of the thorax.
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| Threshold | The lowest sensation level needed for awareness to occur.
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| Threshold Shift | A change in hearing sensitivity.
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| Tic | An involuntary spasm.
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| Timbre | Sound Quality.
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| Time Out (TO) | Period during which an individual is not reinforced for a behavior. Typically, used as a means of punishment for some undesirable behavior.
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| Tinnitus | Term used to refer to ringing of the ears.
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| Tip of The Tongue | Referring to a situation in which an individual has difficulty coming up with a word.
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| Tolerance | To resist strain.
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| Tomography | Method of obtaining an x-ray picture of structure or pathology by using radiography.
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| Tone Decay | A decrease in hearing sensitivity of a faint sound.
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| Tone Focus | Therapy technique used in treating voice disorders in which emphasis is placed on focusing resonance in a particular cavity, usually the oral cavity in order to project the voice without straining.
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| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | Also known as mini strokes. These short-lived neurological events usually precede more severe strokes and usually last only a few seconds or a few minutes.
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| Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) | Term used to describe focal or diffuse injury to the brain. Encompasses both injuries of the penetrating and closed head type.
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| Ulcer | A lesion that is located on the surface of skin or mucosa.
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| Ultrasonic | Referring to sounds not located within the range of hearing.
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| Ultrasound | Inaudible sound pressure waves.
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| Uncomfortable Loudness Level (UCL) | Threshold at which sound becomes too painful to listen to.
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| Understand | To comprehend.
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| Unilateral | Term used to describe one side.
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| Unilateral | Meaning one-side.
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| Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) | Refers to the direct activation pathway within the CNS. This direct activation pathway is believed to be related to facilitating the fine and discrete movements responsible for speech.
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| Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) | Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract caused by an influx of pathological microorganisms.
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| Utterance | An expression of words that are preceded by and ended by a period of silence.
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| Uvula AKA "The Velum" | The tissue that hangs from the posterior portion of the soft palate.
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| Uvular | Relating to the velum.
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| Validity | The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
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| Vascular | Referring to blood vessels.
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| Velocity | Referring to rate and distance of travel. Velopharyngeal
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| Ventricle | The region between the vocal folds and ventricular folds.
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| Ventricular Folds | False vocal folds. Referring to the tissue above the true vocal folds.
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| Vernacular Language | Industry specific terminology.
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| Vertigo | Dizziness typically associated with pathology of the ear.
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| Vestibule | Bony cavity of the inner ear; also the opening or entrance way into the larynx.
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| Vibration | Repeated motion.
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| Vibrato | A rhythmic fluctuation of pitch or intensity used during singing.
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| Videofluoroscopy | n imaging technique used to evaluate structure and function.
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| Videostroboscopy | Method of laryngeal analysis in which the mechanical properties of the larynx and vibratory patterns of the vocal folds are captured with a stroboscopic light and video camera.
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| Viscera | Organs of the thorax and abdomen.
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| Vocabulary Words | in a particular language, industry, or area of study.
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| Vocal | Referring to the organ for voice and speech.
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| Vocal Abuse | Behaviors not conducive to vocal health.
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| Vocal Attack | The manner in which the vocal folds come together to produce voice.
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| Vocal Cord Cyst | A cystic formation that occurs in the subepithelial space of the vocal fold.
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| Vocal fatigue | Used to describe the weakening of the voice with excessive use.
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| Vocal Misuse | The faulty use of pitch, loudness, breathing technique, or rate.
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| Vocal Nodule | A lesion occurring most often at the junction of the anterior 1/3, posterior 2/3 of the vocal folds, usually caused by vocal abuse and misuse.
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| Vocal Tremor | Pitch and/or loudness fluttering.
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| Vocalization | A sound produced in the vocal tract.
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| Voice Onset Time (VOT) | Temporal lag between the release of a consonant and the initiation of voicing.
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| Voice Quality | Perceptual characteristics of the voice.
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| Voice Register | Pitch range associated with a specific mode of voice.
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| Voice rest | Method of preserving vocal health by limiting the amount of voice use.
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| Voice Termination Time (VTT) | Time it takes for phonation to cease.
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| Volume Unit Meter (VU Meter) | An input signal monitor. In audiometry, a VU Meter allows the audiologist to monitor the intensity of speech when testing a client with live-speech
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| Vowel | A voiced speech sound produced with an unrestricted vocal tract.
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| Vowel Quadrilateral | A schematic of vowel location as they are typically produced in the vocal tract.
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| Waveform | In speech, a graphic representation of the intensity and amplitude of a speech-sound signal.
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| Wavelength | Referring to the distance that a wave travels in a cycle.
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| Webbing | An abnormal condition in which a band of tissue connects two structures that are side by side. See also laryngeal web.
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| Whisper | Non-voiced sound.
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| Word-Finding Difficulty | Problem in the retrieval of words from memory.
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| Yawn-Sigh | Approach Voice and fluency therapy technique designed to help eliminate hard glottal contact and to use greater airflow while speaking.
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