Chapter 5 Middle Ages
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What are flying buttresses? | Masses of brick work attached to the walls
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| What was the purpose of a flying buttress? | They helped to hold the building up.
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| What were three functions of a cathedral? | House of worship, gathering place, religious school
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| The cathedral was home to what church leader? | the bishop
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| What did medieval Christians believe would happen if they lived according to church readings? | They would go to Heaven after they died.
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| What did medieval Christians believe would happen to them if they did not obey church rules? | They were punished after death.
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| In what two ways did the church get wealthy in the middle ages? | The church collected taxes and took fiefs from lords in exchange for services performed by clergy.
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| Define clergy. | People with authority to perform religious services.
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| What government job did the church have in the middle ages? | Making laws and setting up courts.
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| Define excommunication. | Being expelled from membership in the church and participation in church life.
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| Why was excommunication a serious threat? | Few people would associate with a person who had been excommunicated.
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| Why did church officials have so much power in political matters? | The church had the power to excommunicate someone.
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| What is the name of the carved stone figures that sit high atop Gothic cathedrals? | gargoyles
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| Who was the leader of the Catholic Church? | the pope
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| Who supervised several bishops? | the archebishop
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| What church leader was located in local villages? | priests
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| What four major event were the clergy involved in? | Childbirth, illnesses, marriage, and death.
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| What roles did the clergy have? | They helped people follow church rules about how to live.
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| What were the names of the religious communities where priests and monks lived? | Monasteries
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| What were the names of the religions communities where nuns lived? | convents
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| What was the name given to this type of religious life that priests, monks, and nuns lived? | monasticism
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| How did the church help to improve the economy in the middle ages? | They grew crops and tended live stock.
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| Who took care of the sick and set up schools? | monks and nuns
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| What rare opportunity did convents provide to women? | to be educated
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| How did the Greek texts and church beliefs conflict? | use reason to discover truth
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| How did scholasticism try to satisfy the philosophies of both the Greeks and the church? | support beliefs
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| What is the shape of the floor plan of a Gothic cathedral? | a cross shape
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| What is the area in a cathedral where the audience sits called? | the nave
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| Identify one advancement in architecture. | vaulted ceilings
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| What was placed across the ceiling the spread out the weight? | columns which made the ceilings stronger and more beautiful
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| What helped to support cathedral walls? | Flying Buttresses
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| What was different about the windows in a cathedral compared to other buildings? | A cathedral had many stained glass windows
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| What would people travel great distances to see? | Holy objects
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| Give three reasons why gargoyles were placed on cathedrals. | they kept evil spirits away, they warned people not to sin, they were a magical sign against evil
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| Why did trade increase as the middle ages progressed? | There were more people in the towns and crusades brought in more goods to trade.
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| How was town life different than manor life? | Manors lacked guilds,traders and craftsman.
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| What is a guild? | A group of people who practiced a certain trade or craft.
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| What did guilds do? | set prices, prevented outsiders from selling in town, paid dues, set standards, used money to support guild families in need.
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| What is an apprentice? | An unpaid worker that was being trained in a craft.
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| What is a journeyman? | A paid worker
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| Define "Holy Land" | A region where Jesus had lived and taught
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| Define crusades | the expedition to capture the holy land
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| Which 3 groups claimed Jerusalem as their holy city? | Christians, Muslims, Jews
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| Define pilgrims | People who journeyed to a sacred place
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| How did Arab Muslims treat Christian pilgrims? | They treated them well.
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| How did Seljuk Turks treat Jewish and Christian visitors? | They attacked them and treated the badly
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| What 3 reasons did Pope Urban have for starting the Crusades? | He wanted the holy land to be under christian control, he wanted to unite Europeans, he wanted to make the church more popular.
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| Other than religious reasons why did Europeans fight in the crusades? | to control trade routes
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| Why did people fight in the crusades? | They wanted to capture the holy land and control the trade routes.
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| How did the crusades affect life on the manor? | towns and cities grew, new technologies used, increase in food and medicine.
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| what is a surname? | a last name
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| Why did people use sir names? | to identify people as towns got bigger
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| Why does the lord enter the Great Hall last? | because he is the most important
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| Why did the lord's son sit to his right | he was is "right-hand" man
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| Who at the court table was served last? | the lady-in-waiting because she was a lady
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| How did peasants serve food | the Lord's table first and peasants last after nobles are done eating
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| How would you know that the Lord is the most powerful | he was served first and he makes a lot of speaches
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| What is the object of chess | capture the king
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| what does checkmate mean | the king is dead
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| which pieces are the first line of defense? | the pawns
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| what do pawns carry | spears and shields
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| what does the rook do | protect the king
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| which piece is second to the king or queen | bishop
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| which piece rides on horseback | knight
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| describe town streets | noisy, crowded, bad smelling
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| how did people get drinking water | from the town well or from a person selling water
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| describe houses | built close together, small, top floors jutted out
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| what was black death | a disease passed on by rats, fleas, and people
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| Black death was also called what? | bubonic plague
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| What were symptoms of black death | black spots, swelling in armpits, coughing up blood
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| What did some Christians think was the cause of the plague/black death | a punishment from God
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| how did living conditions contribute to the spread of black death | towns were dirty and filled with rats and fleas
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| describe one cure that medieval doctors tried to cure black death | sitting in sewers
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