Practice exam 2
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| Plasmids: | are small, circular stretches of DNA found in bacteria that can be transferred between bacteria during conjugation
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| The complete oxidation of glucose typically involves which three stages? | Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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| Which one of the following is normally found in soil or moist environments such as spas or air-conditioning units: | Legionella
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| Which of the following is used for surgical hand scrubs? | Chlorhexidine
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| This mutagen would make the base adenine pair with cytosine instead of thymine. | base pair type of mutagen
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| Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave? | Use with heat-labile materials
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| Recombinant DNA technology: | allows genes from unrelated organisms to be combined.
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| X-Ray is an example of | Ionizing radiation
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| This mutation is usually a result of the deletion or addition of a base pair. | frameshift mutation
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| Which of the following is not a major target for action of antimicrobials? | flagella
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| The bactericidal effect of UV light is attributed to damage to: | DNA
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| Some antimicrobial treatments kill microbes; some inhibit growth. Which term refers to an agent that inhibits bacterial growth? | bacteriostatic
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| The original genetic information in a bacterial cell. | DNA
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| Which chemical was once used to treat the eyes of newborn babies to kill N. Gonorrhoeae? | Silver Nitrate
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| Ultraviolet light is an example of | non-iodizing radiation
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| Which of the following is not a chemical requirement of all bacteria? | molecular oxygen
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| Both staphylococci and streptococci: | are gram-positive cocci
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| Which is not a characteristic of the autoclave? | The requirement for long (hours) exposure times
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| The chemical 5-bromouracil is a mutagen because it: | is similar in structure but not in base-pairing ability to thymine
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| A dichotomous key: | asks a series of questions, with each question in the series having two possible answers.
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| Burkholderia is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections because: | it grows on some antiseptics
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| An antiseptic is used when one needs to remove microbes from: | skin, prior to an injection
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| In which phase is the population doubling time fastest? | Log phase.
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| Sterilization is the: | destruction of all forms of microbial life.
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| Iodophors differ from iodine (I2) in that iodophors: | all of the above
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| An organism that grows in the presence and absence of oxygen and uses oxygen when it is available is called a/an: | Facultative anaerobe
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| Which of the following is an endospore-forming bacterium? | Clostridium
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| The first disinfectant used by Lister was _____. | Phenol
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| What phase of the cell cycle is extended in a chemostat? | Log Phase
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| Which of the following is an example of a cloning vector? | Plasmid
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| In the filter paper method used for evaluation of antimicrobial chemicals, the effectiveness of a chemical is indicated by a ____ around a disc immersed with the test chemical. | clear zone
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| Which of the following does not achieve sterilization? | Pasteurization
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| Which of the following is true of cladograms? | all of the above
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| The process of making multiple copies of a DNA molecule is referred to as: | amplification
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| Which of the following is designed to suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage the growth of desired microbes? | Selective media
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| A gene library: | is a collection of DNA fragments from a genome.
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| Which one molecule could provide the carbon source, the energy source and the electron source for a chemoheterotroph? | Glucose
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| In genetic engineering, recombinant DNA can be introduced into a host cell by which of the following methods: | all of the above
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| A gene is best defined as: | A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product
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| Pasteurization was first used by Pasteur to control spoilage of: | wine
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| DNA is constructed of: | Two strands of complimentary nucleotides running antiparallel
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| Which of the following affects the elimination of bacteria from an object? | all of the above
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| Milk that you have never opened spoils in the refrigerator. A sample reveals the presence of microorganisms. The most likely explanation is: | the microbes that survived pasteurization were able to grow at 4 °C
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| During the lag phase: | cells are engaged in intense enzymatic activity
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| Which of the following is(are) associated with foodborne illness? | all of the above
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| A frameshift mutation in a gene encoding a protein usually: | results in the production of a nonfunctional peptide
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| Which of the following are potential purposes of genetic engineering? | all of the above
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| Bacterial death will result from damage to which of the following structures? | all of the above
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| Foods to be canned need not be sterile. However, all _________ of Clostridium botulinum must be killed | endospores
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| Which of the following is in the correct order? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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