Exam 8: Reproductive System; Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract
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| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrual flow.
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| Dysmenorrhea | Painful menstration.
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| Menorrhagia | Excessive menstrual flow.
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| Metrorrhagia | Excessive spotting between cycles.
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| Endometriosis | Condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus.
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| Vaginal Fistula | Abnormal opening in your vagina that connects it to another organ such as the bladder or colon
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| Uterine Displacement | Abnormal placement of the uterus.
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| Leiomyomas | Uterine fibroid tumors that are noncancerous growths in the uterus.
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| Endometriosis | Condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus.
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| Endometrial Tissue Spread | Lymphatic Circulation
Menstrual Backflow
Congenital Displacement
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| Endometrial Tissue Responds To | Normal stimulation of the ovaries.
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| Endometriosis: Manifestations | Lower ABD pain.
Pelvic pain with or without pain in the rectum.
Unilateral or bilateral.
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| Endometriosis: Risks | White women, 25-35, higher in socioeconomic classes who postpone childbirth until later years.
Never experienced childbirth or lactated.
Family Hx.
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| Endometriosis: Diagnosis | Symptoms
Pelvic Examination
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| Endometriosis: Treatment | High dose anti-ovulatroy medications
Synthetic androgen
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Surgery
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| Endometriosis: Nursing Considerations (Pain) | Mild Analgesics (Do not use ASA)
Bed Rest
Warm Sitz bath
Warm Compresses
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| Endometriosis: Nursing Considerations (Anxiety) | Listen
Emotional Support
Discuss Treatment
Diagnostic procedures
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| Endometriosis: Nursing Considerations (Discharge Teaching) | Methods to reduce discomfort
Regular gynecologic exams
Side effects of medications
Notify the physician if: Pain increases-Menstrual flow is extremely heavy-Pregnancy occurs
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| With endometriosis, why should ASA not be given? | Aspirin affects the clotting ability of the blood and is contraindicated with bleeding.
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| GYN Fistulas | An abnormal opening between 2 organs or between an internal hollow organ and the exterior of the body.
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| Types of GYN Fistulas | Urethrovaginal
Vesicovaginal
Rectovaginal
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| Urethrovaginal Fistula | A fistula between the urethra and the vagina.
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| Vesicovaginal Fistula | A fistula between the bladder and the vagina.
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| Rectovaginal Fistula | An abnormal connection between the lower portion of the large intestine — the rectum — and the vagina.
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| GYN Fistulas: Eitology | Tissue breakdown
Obstetric injury
Surgical injury
Rectovaginal fistula may be seen as a complication of ulcerative colitis
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| GYN Fistulas: S/S | Urine, feces, or flatus from vagina
Vesicovaginal fistula may not void through the urethra
Excoriated, infected external genitalia, and vaginal wall
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| GYN Fistulas: Dx | Physical examination
Methylene blue test.
Intravenous pyelogram
Indigo carmine test
Cystoscopy
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| GYN Fistulas: Tx | Surgical
Nonsurgical
May heal spontaneously
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| GYN Fistulas: Nursing Interventions | Perineal hygiene
Proper nutrition, fluid intake, and rest
Prepare client for surgery
Postoperative nursing care
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| What are Kegel Exercises? | contraction of the muscles used to stop the flow of urine
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| Relaxed Pelvic Muscles | Relaxation of the floor of the pelvis.
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| Relaxed Pelvic Muscles: Types | Cystocele
Rectocele
Prolapse
Urethrocele
Enterocele
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| Cystocele | Herniation of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina.
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| Rectocele | a protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina
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| Prolapse | To fall out of place
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| Urethrocele | prolapse of the female urethra.
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| Enterocele | A hernial protrusion through a defect in the rectovaginal or vesicovaginal pouch.
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| Relaxed Pelvic Muscles: Etiology | Un-repaired postpartum tears
Childbirth, multiple births
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| Pessary | firm rubber doughnut-shaped or ringed device that is inserted into the upper vagina to reposition and give support to the uterus when surgery is not performed
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| Uterine Displacement: Types | Anteflexion
Retroversion
Retroflexion
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| Anteflexion | the normal forward curvature of the uterus
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| Retroversion | A turning or tilting backward, as of the uterus.
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| Retroflexion | A backward bending, especially of the body of the uterus toward the cervix.
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| Uterine Displacement: Etiology | Congenital
Childbearing
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| Leukorrhea | A thick, whitish discharge from the vagina or cervical canal.
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| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | group of physical and emotional symptoms defined as occurring in the 14 days prior to menstruation, relieved almost immediately by the onset of the period, and having at least a 7-day symptom-free break in each cycle
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| Ovarian Cysts | Ovarian cysts are sacs containing fluid or semisolid material that develop in or on the surface of an ovary.
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| Amenorrhea may be caused by | Insufficient hormone secretion
Congenital abnormality
Stress
Pregnancy
Menopause
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| Hysterectomy | Surgical removal of the uterus.
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| Abdominal hysterectomy | A hysterectomy made through an incision in the abdominal wall.
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| Vaginal Hysterectomy | The surgical removal of the uterus through the vagina without incising the wall of the abdomen.
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| Salpingectomy | Salpingectomy is the removal of one or both of a woman's fallopian tubes, the tubes through which an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.
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| Oophorectomy | Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries
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| Estrogens | ormones produced by the ovaries, the female sex glands
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| Progestins | A female hormone, like progesterone, that acts on the inner lining of the uterus.
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