Chapter 15 Muskuloskeletal System
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| acetabulum | hip socket
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| acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade
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| calcaneus | heel bone
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| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone
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| cancellous bone | spongy bone tissue
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| cartilage | flexible, connective tissue
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| cervical vertebrae | backbones in the neck
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| chondrocostal | pertaining to rib cartilage
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| clavicle | collar bone
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| coccyx | tailbone
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| collagen | connective tissue
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| Colles fracture | fracture of the wrist
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| comminuted fracture | splintered, crushed bone
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| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue
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| condyle | knuckle process
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| cranial bones | skull bones
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| craniotome | instrument to cut skull
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| craniotomy | incision into skull
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| crepitus | crackling sound
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| decalicification | removal of calcium in bones
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| diaphysis | shaft long bone
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| epiphyseal plate | growth plate
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| epiphysis | end of long bone
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| ethmoid bone | cranial skull bone within the nasal cavity
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| Ewing sarcoma | malignant bone tumor
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| exostosis | bone spurr growing out
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| facial bones | bones of the face
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| femoral | pertaining to the femur
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| femur | thigh bone
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| fibula | lower leg; smaller
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| fibular | pertaining to the lower leg bone
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| fissure | slit
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| fontanelle | soft spot
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| foramen | opening
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| fossa | depression; shallow cavity
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| frontal bone | forehead
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| haversian canals | canals in bone blood vessels
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| humeral | pertaining to the humerus
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| humerus | upper arm bone
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| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood
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| iliac | pertaining to the ilium
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| ilium | flaring hip bone
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| impacted fracture | one fragment impacted
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| ischial | pertaining to the ischium
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| ischium | part of the hip bone (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
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| kyphosis | abnormal condition of posterior curvature in the thoracic region
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| lacrimal bones | two small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye
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| lamina | part of the vertebral arch
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| laminectomy | removal of lamina
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| lordosis | abnormal condition of anterior curvature in the lumbar region
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| lumbar vertebrae | third set of five vertebral bones in the lumbar
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| lumbosacral | pertaining to the lumbar and sacrum
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| malleolar | pertaining to the malleolus
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| mandible | lower jaw bone
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| mandibular | pertaining to the mandible
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| manubrium | upper portion of the sternum
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| mastoid process | round projection of the temporal bone behind the ear
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| medullary cavity | central hollowed-out area in the shaft of the long bone
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| metacarpals | hand bones
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| metacarpectomy | removal of hand bones
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| metaphysis | flared portion of the long bone between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate
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| metatarsalgi | pain in the foot bones
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| metatarsals | foot bones
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| myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow
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| nasal bones | two slender bones that support the bridge of the nose
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| occipital bone | back and base of the skull
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| olecranon | elbow
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| orthopedics | straightening bone
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| osseous tissue | bony tissue
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| ossification | forming bone
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| osteitis | inflammation of the bone
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| osteoblast | immature bone cell
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| osteoclast | breaking down bone tissue
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| osteodystrophy | poor development of bone
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| osteogenesis imperfecta | bones are brittle and fragile
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| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant bone tumor
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| osteomalacia | softening of bones
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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| osteopenia | bone mineral density is lower than normal
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| osteoporosis | abnormal increase in porosity
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| osteotome | instrument to cut bone
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| parietal bones | bones that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium
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| patella | kneecap
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| pelvimetry | measurement of the pelvis
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| periosteum | membrane that lines bones
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| peroneal | pertaining to the fibula
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| phalangeal | pertaining to the phalanges
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| phalanges | fingers and toe bones
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| phosphorus | mineral found in bones (along with calcium)
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| pubic symphysis | joint in the front of hips; joins hip bones together
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| pubis | anterior part of the pelvic bone
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| radial | pertaining to the radius
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| radius | forearm bone- thumb side
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| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
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| reduction | restoration of bones to its normal position
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| ribs | 12 pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall
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| sacral vertebrae | five separate bones that fuse in a young child
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| scapula | shoulder blade
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| scapular | pertaining to the scapula
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| scoliosis | lateral curve of the spine
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| sella turcica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
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| sinus | hollow air cavity of the bone
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| sphenoid bone | cranial bone behind the eyes
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| spondylolisthesis | forward slipping of the backbone
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| spondylosis | abnormal condition of the backbones
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| sternum | breast bone
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| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
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| subcostal | pertaining to below the ribs
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| supraclavicular | pertaining to above the collar bones
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| suture | immovable joint between bones, such as the skull
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| talipes | club foot
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| tarsals | bones of the hindfoot (ankle bones)
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| tarsectomy | removal of the tarsals (ankle bones)
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| temporal bones | form lower sides and the base of the cranium
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| temporomandibular joint | connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone and mandibular bone
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| thoracic vertebrae | second set of 12 vertebrae
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| tibia | shin bone
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| tibial | pertaining to the tibia
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| trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone
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| trochanter | large bump below the neck of the femur
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| tubercle | rounded small process on bone
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| tuberosity | rounded process on bone
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| ulna | forearm bone- little finger side
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| ulnar | pertaining to the ulna
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| vertebra; vertebrae | 33 bones that form the spinal column
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| vertebroplasty | surgical repair of the backbones
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| vomer | forms lower portion of the nasal septum
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| xiphoid process | tip (end) sternum
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| yellow bone marrow | fat
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| zygomatic bones | form the high portion of the cheeks
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| articular cartilage | cartilage in joint
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