Chapt 10: Nervous system
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| cerebr/o | largest part of brain
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| encephala/o | entire brain
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| esthesi/o | sensation
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| gangli/o | ganglion (knot)
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| gnos/o | knowing
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| somn/I and somn/o | sleep
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| lex/o | word or phrase
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| phas/o | speech
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| somat/o | body
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| tax/o | order or coordination
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| thalam/o | thalamus (a room)
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| -asthenia | weakness
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| -mania | condition of abnormal impulse toward
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| neuron | basic structure of cells
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| synapses | neurotransmitters
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| frontal lobe | responsible for personality
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| temporal lobe | responsible for hearing, taste, and smell
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| thalamus | responsible for relaying sensory information to cortex
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| cerebellum | responsible for coordination of skeletal muscles
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| brainstem | responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature
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| meninges | membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
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| spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
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| motor nerves | nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands
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| aphasia | condition without speech/inability to speak
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| dysphasia | difficulty speaking
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| coma | decreased consciousness
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| delirium | mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function - fever,shock
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| motor deficit | loss or impairment of muscle function
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| neuralgia | pain along the course of a nerve
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| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body
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| syncope | fainting
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| Alzheimer disease | an irreversible deterioration of the brain
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | also known as Lou Gehrig disease
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| cerebral palsy (CP) | damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke; damage to the brain by a blocked blood vessel
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | often precedes a CVA ; brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain
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| epilepsy | disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
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| tonic-clonic | previously termed grand mal seizure
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| herpes zoster | also known as shingles; viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves
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| hydrocephalus | the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
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| migraine headache | often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and vomiting
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| multiple sclerosis (MS) | episodes of neurologic dysfunction caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath
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| Parkinson disease | characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movement (bradykinesia)
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| paraplegia | paralysis from the waist down
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs
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| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord
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| electroencephalogram (EEG) | record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain
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| polysomnography (PSG) | recording to diagnose sleep disorders
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| lumbar puncture (LP) | used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic analysis
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| intracranial MRA | MRI image of the head to visualize the circle of Willis
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| extracranial MRA | MRI image of the neck to visualize the carotid artery
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| myelogram | x-ray of the spinal cord made after intraspinal injection of contrast medium
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| Babinski sign or reflex | pathologic response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot; toes curl upward
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| transcranial sonogram | used in diagnosis and management of stroke and head trauma
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| craniotomy | incision into the skull to approach the brain
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| disketcomy (discectomy) | removal of a herniated disk
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| laminectomy | excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord
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| spondylosyndesis | spinal fusion
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| chemotherpay | uses chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
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| analgesic | agent that relieves pain
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| anticoagulant | commonly used to prevent heart attack and ischemic stroke
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| anticonvulsant | agent that prevents or lessens convulsions
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| hypnotic | agent that induces sleep
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| sedative | agent that has a calming effect
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| flat affect | significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction
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| delusion | persistent belief that has no basis in reality
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| hallucination | false perception of the senses for which there is no reality; hearing voices in ones head
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| neurosis | psychological condition in which anxiety is prominent
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| psychosis | mental condition characterized by distortion of reality
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| manic depression/bipolar disorder (BD) | affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression
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| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | mood disorder marked by episodes of depression that most often occur during autumn/winter
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| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury or illness that leaves the sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal
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| autism | developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with communication and an inability to communicate with anything beyond oneself
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| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion by inducing vomiting
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| schizophrenia | disease that causes disorganized thought, delusions, hallucinations, catatonic behavior
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| antidepressant | agent that counteracts depression
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