Functions of basic muscles important in Esthetics
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| Occipitalis | Back of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward.
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| Frontalis | Anterior (front) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
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| Aponeurosis | Tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis.
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| Auricularis superior | Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
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| Auricularis anterior | Muscle in fron of the ear that draws the ear forward.
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| Auricularis posterior | Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.
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| Temporalis | Muscle of mastication located above the auricularis superior.
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| Platysma | Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.
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| Sternocleidomastoideus | Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head.
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| Corrugator | Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
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| Orbicularis Oculi | Ring muscle of the eye socket; closes the eyes.
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| Procerus | Covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.
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| Buccinator | Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
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| Depressor labii inferioris | (aka quadratus labii inferioris) A muscle surrounding the lower lip that depresses the lower lip and draws it to one side.
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| Levetor anguli oris | (aka caninus) A muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.
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| Levator labii superioris | (aka quadratus labii superioris) A muscle surrounding the upper lip that elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.
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| Mentalis | A muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.
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| Biceps | Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; they lift the forearm, flex the elbows, and turn the palms outward.
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| Deltoid | Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
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| Triceps | Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.
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| Extensors | Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.
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| Flexors | Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in bending the wrist.
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| Pronator | Muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.
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| Supinator | Muscle that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.
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| Masseter | A thick, somewhat quadrilateral muscle, consisting of two portions, superficial and deep. One of the muscles of mastication.
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| Orbicularis oris | Flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
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| Risorius | Muscle that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.
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| Tringularis | A muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.
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| Zygomaticus major and minor | Muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth that elevate the lip, as in laughing.
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| Latissimus dorsi | Broad, flat muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back, controlling the shoulder blale and the swinging movements of the arm.
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| Serratus anterior | Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm.
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| Trapezius | Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm.
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| Pectoralis major | Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
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