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| Most accurate indicator or fluid loss/gain in Pt | Weight, 1 kg=1 L retained fluid |
| Clinical manifestations r/t Glomerular injury | Proteinuria, Hematuria, Decreased GFR, Alterations in Na excretion |
| Azotemia | Concentration of urea/nitrogenous wastes in blood |
| Kidney size r/t Acute glomerulonephritis | Kidneys become large and congested |
| Uremia | Excess urea/nitrogenous wastes in blood |
| Hypertensive encephalopathy r/t Acute glomerulonephritis | HE is a complication of AG, Medical emergency |
| Therapy r/t Hypertensive encephalopathy | Reduce BP w/out impairing kidney function |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis indications | Retinal hemorrhages, Feet swollen at night |
| Changes d/t Renal failure | Hyperkalemia, Metabolic acidosis, Anemia, Mental status changes |
| Nephrotic syndrome characteristics | Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminemia, Hyperlipidemia |
| Major manifestation r/t Nephrotic syndrome | Edema |
| Nephrosclerosis indications | Prolonged HTN & DM |
| Acute renal failure vs. Chronic renal failure | ARF is reversible |
| Prerenal vs. Intrarenal vs. Postrenal ARF | Pre:hypoperfusion of kidney, I:damage to kidney tissue, Post:obstruction to urine flow |
| Medications that contribute to intrarenal damage | NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors |
| 4 clinical phases r/t ARF | Initiation, Oliguria, Diuresis, Recovery |
| Earliest manifestation r/t Tubular damage | Inability to concentrate urine |
| BUN level r/t Serum creatinine level | Both increase/decrease together |
| Normal serum creatinine level | < 2 mg/dL |
| Hemodialysis vs. Peritoneal dialysis | H:hemodialyzer removes wastes & shorter dialysis time, PD:Pt's peritoneal membrane acts as semipermeable membrane |
| Weight r/t Negative nitrogen balance | Weight is lost |
| Diet r/t ARF | High-carb meals, K and phosphorous restriction |
| Body systems r/t Uremia | Virtually all are effected d/t Chronic renal disease(ESRD) |
| Creatinine clearance vs. Serum creatinine vs. BUN level r/t Glomerular filtration decrease | GF and CC decrease, Serum C and BUN increase |
| Manifestations r/t ESRD | Na retention, Acidosis, GF decreases, Anemia, Ca decreases, Phosphorus increases |
| Anemia r/t ESRD d/t | Inadequate erythropoietin production |
| Nursing Dx r/t ESRD | Excess fluid volume r/t decreased urine output, Imbalanced nutrition:less than body requirements, Activiey intolerance r/t anemia |
| Nursing intervention r/t Medication schedule d/t ESRD | Medications should not be given immediately b/f meals |
| Most common dialysis method | Hemodialysis |
| Hemodialysis does not compensate for loss of kidney's | Endocrine and metabolic activities |
| Bloody drainage r/t Peritoneal dialysis | Seen in first few exchanges after insertion of new catheter |
| Advantages r/t Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis(CAPD) | Freedom from a dialysis machine, Control over ADL's, Avoid dietary restrictions |
| Disadvantages r/t CAPD | Continuous dialysis every day, all day |
| S/Sx r/t Transplant rejection | Oliguria, Edema, Fever, Increased BP, Serum creatinine increases |
