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| Most common reason for seeking health care | Upper Respiratory Infections(URI's) |
| 90% of URI's are d/t | Viral infection |
| Drugs causing Drug-induced Rhinitis | Antihypertensive agents, Oral contraceptives, Chronic use of nasal decongestants |
| Rhinitis(Common cold) d/t inflamed | Mucous membranes |
| Sinusitis d/t | Mucous secretions filling and occluding sinus cavities |
| Time b/w Nasal spray administrations | At least 1 minute, Clean spray after each use |
| Women vs. Men r/t Rhinitis susceptibility | Women are more susceptible |
| Three major time periods r/t Rhinitis | September(school begins), Late January, End of April |
| Cold temperatures and exposure to rainy weather r/t Incidence/severity of Common colds | No relationship |
| Antibiotic usage r/t Rhinitis | Contraindicated b/c they do not effect viruses |
| Most effective measure to prevent transmission of organisms | Handwashing |
| Acute vs. Subacute vs. Chronic sinusitis | A:rapid-onset infection cured w/treatment, S:persistent nasal discharge not cured w/treatment lasting < 3 months, C:symptoms > 3 months |
| Determining acute bacterial sinusitis | Four or more symptoms must be present |
| Rebound congestion r/t Decongestant spray dependence | When decongestant is stopped, nasal passages close and congestion occurs |
| Pt's susceptible to fungal sinusitis | Immunocompromised Pt's |
| Time period in which periorbital edema is most pronounced | Awakening in morning |
| Head position r/t Rhinitis/Sinusitis drainage promotion | Head elevated & Fowler's positions |
| Most cases of acute pharyngitis d/t | Viral infections |
| Strep throat is acute pharyngitis is caused by | Bacterial infections |
| S/Sx r/t Acute pharyngitis | Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils, Lymph structures swollen w/white-purple exudate, No cough |
| Areas swabbed r/t Rapid Strep Test(RST)- Both tonsils & posterior pharyngeal wall | (blank) |
| Hypertrophic vs. Atrophic vs. Chronic granular r/t Chronic pharyngitis | H:thickening and congestion of pharyngeal mucous membranes, A:pharyngeal mucous membranes are thin, glistening and sometimes wrinkled, CG:numerous swollen lymph follicles on pharyngeal wall |
| Signs r/t Acute laryngitis | Hoarseness/aphonia & sever cough |
| Aphonia | Complete loss of voice |
| Improving throat pain r/t Acute laryngitis | Warmer climates and later time of day |
| Factors of increased fluid loss d/t URI's | Increased respiratory rate leads to increased insensible loss, Fever increases metabolic rate and diaphoresis |
| Obstructive vs. Central vs. Mixed sleep apneas | O:pharyngeal occlusion, C:simultaneous cessation of air flow and respiratory movements, M:both obstructive and central apnea w/in one apneic episode |
| Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) characteristics | Snoring w/breathing cessation at least 5x per hour |
| Epistaxis | Hemorrhage from nose(nosebleed) |
| Initial treatment r/t Epistaxis | Apply direct pressure to soft portion of nose w/Pt sitting upright w/head tilted forward for at least 5 minutes |
| Most common fracture r/t Face & body | Nasal fracture |
| Clear fluid draining from nasal fracture indicates | Leakage of CSF |
| Test determing CSF leakage | dipstick(Dextrostix) |
| Initial hand placement r/t Abd Thrust Maneuver | Thumb side of fist above navel & below xiphoid process |
| Fowler's positions r/t Laryngectomy | Promotes patent airway and lung expansion, Decreases surgical edema |
| Early ambulation prevents | Atelectasis, Pneumonia, DVT |
| Time schedule r/t Changing/cleaning inner cannula | Every 8 hours |
| Time schedule r/t Stoma cleaning | Daily |
| Large amounts of musous are coughed up through stoma until | Tracheobronchial mucosa adapts to altered physiology |
| Hands r/t IV infusions and Writing | Writing hand is documented so opposite arm is used for IV infusion so Pt can still communicate afer laryngectomy |
| Sweet foods r/t Adequate hydration & nutrition | Avoid b/c they increase salivation and suppress appetite |
| S/Sx r/t Respiratory distress/hypoxia | Restlessness, Irritation, Agitation, Confustion, Tachypnea, Accessory muscle usage, Decreased oxygen saturation |
| ADL special precautions r/t Laryngectomy | Shower, Swimming not recommended, Haircuts, No strenous exercise |
| Exercise r/t Laryngectomy | All exercise may be enjoyed except strenous exercise |
