N130 OLOL Diabetes Mellitus Terminology
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| ADA diet | (blank)
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| Alpha Glucosidase inhibitors | A new class of drugs used in the treatment of non insulin dependant diabetes
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| Bigunides | a memeber of the class of oral antihyperglyceric agents that works by limiting glucose production and glucose absorption and by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin.
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| Continous subcutaneous insulin infusion | (blank)
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| dawn phenomenon | a marked increase in insulin requirements between 6am and 9am as compared with the midnight to six am period.
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| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | acidosis caused by an accumulation of ketone bodies in advanced stages of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
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| Diabetes Mellitus | A chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia.
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| Exchange lists | A grouping of foods to assist people on special diets
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| Fasting blood glucose (FBG) | fasting levels of blood glucose normally between 80 and 120
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| Gastric stasis | (blank)
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| Glucagon | A polypedtide homone secreted by teh alpha cells of the pancreas that increases the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose.
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| Gluconeogenesis | The formation of glucose from excess amino acids, fats, or other noncarbohydrate sources.
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| Glucose tolerence test | testing the ability of the body to absorb and use glucose.
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| Glucosuria/Glycosuria | An abnormal amount of glucose in the urine.
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| Glycemic index | A ratio used to describe the ability of a food to increase blood sugar as compared with consumption of either glucose or white bread as the standard.
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| Glycosylated hemoglobin test ( hemoglobin A1C) | Hemoglobin A that contains a glucose group linked to the terminal amino acid of the beta chains of the molecule.
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| Hyperglycemia | Increased blood sugar, as occurs in diabetes
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| Hypoglycemia | An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood often associated with neurological side effects and arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
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| Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non ketotic Syndrome (HHNS) | (blank)
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| Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) | (blank)
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| Insulin | A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that controls the metabolism and cellular uptake of sugars, proteins, and fats.
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| Islet cell transplant | Guided by sophisticated imaging equipment in Interventional Radiology, doctors inject the cells into the patient’s liver through a catheter inserted into a major blood vessel, the portal vein.
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| Ketone | A substance containing the carvonyl group attached to two carbon atoms.
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| Ketonemia | The presence of acetone bodies in the blood which causes the characteristic fruity breath odor in ketoacidosis.
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| Ketonuria | Acetone bodies in the urine
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| Kussmaul respiration | Kussmaul's breathing- a very deep gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic ketonacidosis
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| Macroangiopathy | Disease of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) that occurs when someone has diabetes for a long time. In macroangiopathy, fat and blood clots build up in the large blood vessels, stick to the vessel walls, and block the flow of blood.
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| Microangiopathy | Pathology of small blood vessels.
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| Meglitinides | type 2 medications that increase first phase insulin release in the pancreas
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| Metabolic Acidosis | Any process that causes a decrease in ph of the body as a result of the retention of acids, or the loss of bicarbonate buffers.
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| Metformin Induced lactic acidosis | Metformin is a useful anti-hyperglycaemic agent but significant mortality is associated with drug-induced lactic acidosis. Significant renal and hepatic disease, alcoholism and conditions associated with hypoxia (eg. cardiac and pulmonary disease, surgery
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| Neurogenic bladder | Any dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by lesions of the central nervous system or nerves supplying the bladder.
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| Nephropathy | Disease of the kidney
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| Osmotic diuresis | is urination caused by the presence of certain substances in the kidney tubules. Excessive amount of glucose (blood-sugar) can cause this.
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| Peripheral Vascular Disease | Any condition that causes partial or complete obstruction of the flow of blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest.
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| Polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| Polyphagia | eating abnormally large amounts of food, gluttony
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| Polyuria | Excessive secretion and discharge of urine
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| Proteinuria | Protein, usually albumin, in the urine
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| retinopathy | Any disorder of the retina
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| Renal Threshold | the concentration at which a substance in the blood normally not excreted by the kidney begins to appear in the urine.
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| Self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) | (blank)
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| somogyi effect | In diabetes mellitus rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia caused by counterregulatory hormone release.
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| Sulfonylureas | One of a class of oral durgs used to control hyperglycemia in type two diabetes mellitus. Members of this group include tolazamide, glyburide, and glipizide
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| Thiazolidinedione | An oral drug that lowers blood sugars by decreasing hepatic glucose output and increasing glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles.
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| Type 1 DM | Diabetes mellitus that usually has its onset before the age of 25 years in which the essential abnormalties is related to absolute nsulin deficiency.
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| Type 2 DM | A group of forms of diabetes mellitus that occur predominantly in adults.
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