AP Biology - Chapter 37 - Animal Structure
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| epithelial | covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands
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| connective tissue | consisting mostly of intercellular substance in which the cells are embedded, e.g., bone
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| muscle tissue | specialized for contraction
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| nervous tissue | specialized for transmitting electrical and chemical signals
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| simple epithelium | composed of 1 layer of cells, located where substances are secreted, excreted
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| stratified epithelium | has 2 or more layers of cells, located where protection is needed
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| pseudostratified epithelium | cells look layered but aren't, located on the bottom of membrane
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| glands | secrete cell products like hormones, enzymes, and sweat
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| epidermis | epithelial layer of the skin
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| squamous epithelial cells | cells are thin, shaped like flagstones
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| cuboidal epithelial cells | like short cylinders that look like a cube from the side
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| columnar epithelial cells | look like columns from the side
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| homeostasis | tendency to maintain a constant internal environment
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| types of glands | endocrine and exocrine
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| exocrine glands | like sweat glands, they secrete product onto a free epithelial surface through a duct
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| endocrine glands | don't have ducts, the glands release hormones into interstitial fluid
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| mucous membrane | lines a body cavity that opens to the outside of body, mucus is secreted on it to lubricate the tissue and keep it from drying out
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| connective tissue | supports and cushions almost every organ in the body
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| types of fiber in connective tissue | collagen, elastic, reticular
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| fibroblasts | connective tissue cells that produce fiber
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| loose connective tissue | support; reservoir fluid and salts, located everywhere support must be combined with elasticity
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| dense connective tissue | support; transmission of mechanical forces, located in tendons, ligaments and dermis of skin
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| elastic connective tissue | confers elasticity, located in structures that must both expand and return to original size
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| reticular connective tissue | support; located in framework of liver, lymph nodes, spleen
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| adipose tissue | food storage; insulation; support of mammary glands, kidneys; located in subcutaneous layer
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| cartilage | for flexible support; supporting skeleton of sharks, end of bones in mammals, tips of nose, ear
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| bone | support and protection of internal organs; calcium reservoir; skeletal muscles attach to bones, forms skeletal structure in most vertebrates
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| blood | transports oxygen, nutrients, wates, and other materials, located within heart and blood vessels of circulatory system
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| main types of connective tissue | 1.) loose and dense connective tissues 2.) elastic connective tissue 3.) reticular connective tissue 4.) adipose tissue 5.) catilage 6.) bone 7.) blood
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| chondrocytes | cartilage cells
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| 3 types of muscle tissue | 1.) skeletal muscle 2.) cardiac muscle 3.) smooth muscle
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| skeletal muscle | makes up the large muscle masses attached to the bones of the body
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| cardiac muscle | the main tissue of the heart
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| smooth muscle | occurs in the walls of the digestive tract, uterus, blood vessels, and other internal organs
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| osteocytes | bone cells that maintain matrix
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