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Elementary Statistics 2004

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Define
show Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected  
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Statistics   show
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Population   show
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Population   show
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Census   show
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show A subcollection of members selected from a population  
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Sample data   show
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show the data may be so completely useless that no amount of statistical torturing can salvage them  
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TYPES OF DATA???   show
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show A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population.  
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Parameter   show
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Statistic   show
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Based on a sample   show
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show Data consists of numbers representing counts or measurement  
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show weights of supermodels  
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Interval level of measurement   show
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Interval level of measurement   show
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show shoe sizes [US vs Europe] and temperature  
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show can be either discreet or continuous  
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show Data that can be arranged in order, for which differences between data values are meaningful, and there is an inherent zero starting point.  
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Ratio level of measurement   show
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show prices of textbooks; $50 is half of $100  
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Ratio level of measurement   show
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show is continuous.  
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show HIGHEST LEVEL OF DATA  
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Ratio level of measurement   show
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show can be further distinguished between discrete and continuous.  
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show Data that results when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a “countable” numbers.  
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Discrete Data   show
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show number of eggs that hens lay  
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Continuous (numerical) Data   show
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show Results from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps.  
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Continuous (numerical) Data   show
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show Can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some nonnumerical characteristics.  
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Continuous (numerical) Data   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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show Lowest form of data. Has groups, but no ordering to the groups  
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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Nominal Level of Measurement   show
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show (Categories & groups, but with some natural order to the groups.)  
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show Course grades – Grades of A, B, C, D, or F  
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Ordinal Level of Measurement   show
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show Discrete  
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Temperature is   show
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show usually Discrete  
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Man on the street samples are   show
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Misuses of Statistics   show
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show Order of Questions  
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show Precise NumbersPartial picturesDeliberate Distortions  
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show typically plays a critical role in determining which data to collect.  
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Observational Study   show
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show Data are observed, measured, and collected at one point in time.  
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Retrospective (or Case Control) Study   show
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Prospective (or Longitudinal or Cohort) Study   show
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show Apply some treatment and then observe its effects on the subjects. (Experimental group.) Doing something to affect what happens.  
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Experimental Key Elements   show
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control   show
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show Occurs in an experiment when the experimenter is not able to distinguish between the effects of different factors.  
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Blinding   show
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Double-blind   show
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show Groups of subjects with similar characteristics  
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Completely Randomized Experimental Design   show
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Rigorously Controlled Design   show
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show Selection so that each has an equal chance of being selected  
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Simple Random Sample   show
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show Select some starting point and then select every Kth element in the population  
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show 7th person of a group of 10; i.e., 7, 17, 27, 37, etc., OR every 7th person i.e., 7, 14, 21, 28, etc  
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show Use results that are easy to get, choosing the first 10 people who get off work  
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Stratified Sampling   show
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Cluster Sampling   show
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show The difference between a sample result and the true population result; such an error results from chance sample fluctuations  
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show Sample data that are incorrectly collected, recorded, or analyzed (such as by selecting a biased sample, using a defective instrument, or copying the data incorrectly  
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