Hematology final
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| What is erythrocytosis? | increase RBC count
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| What is oligocythemia | decrease RBC count
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| What are NV for adult RBC count? | men= 4.5-6 mill
women= 4-5.5 mill
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| What makes heme? | iron + protoporphyrin
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| What makes globin? | RNA + amino acid
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| What makes hemoglobin? | Iron heme and globin
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| What is electrophoresis? | Seperates genetic types of hemoglobin
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| What are normal values of hemoglobin? | Men= 15-17 g/dL
Women 12-16 g/dL
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| What diseases cause an increase in Hgb? | polycythemia vera and hydration
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| What diseases cause a decrease in Hgb? | anemia, leukemia and bleeding
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| What size drop of blood is used to make a differential blood smear? | Size of match head
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| What is the composition of Wright's stain? | Alcohol colution, acid dye (eosin) and alkaline dye (ethylene)
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| What is the function of a neutrophilic seg cell? | Phagocytosis of bacteria and small particles
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| What is the function of eosinophilic segmented cells? | to limit effects of an allergic reaction
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| What is the function of a monocyte? | phagocytosis of bacteria and large particles
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| What is the function of a lymphocyte? | Produce antibodies and transplant rejection
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| What are the three components of the cellular portion of the blood? | Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
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| What are the components of the fluid portion of the blood? | Water, protein, horomones, wastes, electrolytes
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| How would blood settle in an anticoagulated tube from top to bottom? | Plasma, buffy coat then RBC
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| What is leukocytosis? | Increase in WBC
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| What causes leukocytosis? | Acute bacterial infections, pneumonia
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| What is leukopenia? | Decrease in WBC
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| What causes leukopenia? | Viral infections, influenza
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| What are the normal values for an adult WBC? | 4000-11000
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| What is and example of a critical WBC count value? | >2 and more than 50
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| What tests make up a CBC? | RBC count
WBC count
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Differntial
Estimation of platelet #
RBC indices
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| What are the 3 parts of the coagulation system? | Vascular, platelets, clotting factors/fibrin clot
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| What are the three functions of platelets? | Addhere, aggrigatem platelet plug - release substances used in the formation of the fibrin clot - clot retraction
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| What substance is necessary for the formation of the fibrin clot? and is also known as factor IV? | Calcium
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| What is the meaning of thrombocytosis? | Increase of platelets
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| What is thrombocytosis seen in? | Hemolytic anemias and hemorrage
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| What is the meaning of thrombocytopenia? | Decrease platelet count
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| What is thrombocytopenia seen in? | Aplastic anemia and pernicious anemia
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| What factor is missing in Hemophilia A? | VIII (8)
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| What factor is missing in Hemophila B? | IX (9) aka christmas factor
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| What are two main causes of acquired clotting factor defciency? | Liver disease and vitamin K
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| What does PT stand for? | Prothrombin Time
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| What does the PT measure? | checks extrinsic system and coumadin
measures time it takes to form a fibrin clot
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| What does APTT stand for? | activated partial thromboplastin time
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| What does the APTT measure? | Time it takes to form clot
measures intrinsic and heparin
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| What colored stopper tubes are used for coagulation studies? | Blue
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| What is hematocrit? | percent volume occupied by the packed RBC
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| How are Hb and Hct related? | Hgb X 3 = Hct +- 3 units
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| When is the Hct increased? | polycythemia vera and dehydration
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| When is the Hct decreased? | Anemia, leukemia, and excess fluid
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| What kind of capillary tube is used to perform an Hct from tube blood? | plain/blue
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| What kind of capillary tube is used to perform an Hct from a finger puncture? | red/ heparinized
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| What three points are located to read an Hct results? | Bottom of packed cells, meniscus of plasma and top of packed cells below buffy
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| What units are used with the Hct result? | women= 36-45%
men= 42-52%
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| What is the sedimentation rate? | Rate and speed at which RBC settle out of plasma
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| What is the abbreviation for the sedimentation rate? | ESR
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| What method is used to perform the ESR? | Westergram
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