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| Dysrhythmias are disorders of |
Formation/Conduction of heart’s electrical impulses |
| Diagnose dysrhythmias |
ECG |
| Dysrhythmia naming |
Site of origin, Mechanism of formation, Conduction involved |
| Sympathetic stimulation vs. Parasympathetic stimulation r/t Heart rate, AV node conduction & Force of myocardial contraction |
S:all increase, P:all decrease |
| Chronotropy vs. Dromotropy vs. Inotropy |
C:heart rate, D:AV node conduction, I:force of myocardial contraction |
| # of electrodes r/t 12-lead ECG |
10 w/6 on chest and 4 on limbs |
| Limb electrode placement |
Non-bony areas w/out major movement |
| 12-lead ECG reflects electrical activity in |
Left ventricle |
| Horizontal axis r/t ECG strip |
Time & Rate |
| Vertical axis r/t ECG strip |
Voltage/Amplitude |
| Positive deflection vs. Negative deflection |
P:ECG waveform moves to top of strip, N:ECG waveform moves to bottom of strip |
| P Wave r/t Atria |
Atrial depolarization |
| QRS Complex r/t Ventricle |
Ventricular depolarization |
| T Wave r/t Ventricle |
Ventricular repolarization |
| Atrial Repolarization r/t ECG strip |
Occurs during QRS Complex |
| U Wave |
Repolarization of Purkinje fibers |
| PR Interval |
Time from SA node stimulation to conduction through AV node, Does not include ventricular depolarization |
| ST Segment r/t Isoelectric line |
Analyzed to determine if below/above isoelectric line |
| QT Interval |
Total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization |
| Prolonged QT intervals put Pt at risk for |
Torsade de pointes |
| Type of dysrhythmia r/t Torsade de pointes |
Ventricular |
| TP Interval |
No electrical activity, Isoelectric line |
| PP Interval vs. RR Interval |
PP:determines atrial rhythm & rate, RR:determines ventricular rate & rhythm |
| Each small box on ECG strip represents |
.04 seconds |
| If RR & PP intervals are same or < .8 seconds |
Regular rhythm |
| Contributing factors r/t Bradycardia |
H’s and T’s |
| 3 H’s r/t Bradycardia |
Hypovolemia, Hydrogen ions(acidosis), Hypoglycemia |
| 3 T’s r/t Bradycardia |
Toxins, Thrombosis, Trauma |
| Sinus bradycardia vs. Sinus tachycardia vs. Normal sinus rhythm |
Only difference is rate |
| Sinus arrhythmia r/t Respiration |
Increases w/inspiration, Decreases w/expiration |
| Atrial flutter r/t AV node conduction |
Not all atrial impulses are conducted into ventricle, Therapeutic block at AV node |
| P-wave shape r/t Atrial flutter |
Saw-tooth shape |
| Occurs when AV node becomes pacemaker |
Junctional/Idionodal rhythm |
| When P waves cannot be identified |
Supraventricular tachycardia(SVT) |
| SVT indicates only that rhythm is not |
Ventricular tachycardia |
| Emergencies r/t Dysrhythmia |
Ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular fibrillation, Idioventricular rhythm, Ventricular asystole |
| Ventricular fibrillation characteristics |
Absence of: heartbeat, palpable pulse & respirations |
| AHA guidelines r/t Unconscious adults who experience cardiac arrest d/t Ventricular fibrillation |
Induce mild hypothermia for 12-24 hours |
| Idioventricular rhythm |
Purkinje fibers become pacemaker |
| Ventricular asystole synonym |
Flatline |
| AV blocks occur when |
AV node conduction is decreased/stopped |
