Chapter 12 Blood
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| Name the 3 Granulocytes. | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.
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| The nongranular Leukocytes are? | Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
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| Normally what percentage of blood is RBC | 45%
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| Normally what percentage of blood is plasma? | 55%
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| Myeloid tissue is also know as? | Red bone marrow.
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| This type of Anemia can be caused by a lack of vitamin B12. | Pernicious Anemia
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| The formation of new blood cells is known as? | Hematopiesis
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| Which type of lymphocytes make antibodies? | B-lymphocytes
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| These lymphocytes directly attack bacteria. | T-lymphocytes
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| What are the formed elements in blood? | RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets.
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| Platelets are also known as? | Thrombocytes
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| White blood cells are also known as? | Leukocytes
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| Red blood cells are also known as? | Erthrocytes
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| Normal adult blood volume is? | 4 to 6 liters
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| How long can donated blood be stored? | 6 weeks
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| Thalassemia Major | A hemolytic anemia found most frequently in people of Mediterranean descent, causes abnormal hemoglobin resulting in low hemoglobin numbers. Also causes low oxygen content in tissue, swelling of spleen and liver, and crippling skeletal deformity
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| What type of WBC is the most numerous in the body? | Neutrophils
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| What is the life span of a RBC? | 80 to 120 days
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| Anemia | Low oxygen carrying ability of the blood. Body produces defective or low numbers of RBC's. Normal adult hemoglobin numbers range from 12 to 14 g/100ml. Less than 9 g/100ml indicates anemia.
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| Polycythemia | The overproduction RBC's
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| Myeloid tissue is found in what bones? | Sternum, ribs, and hip bones
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| Hepatic Portal Circulation | Unique blood flow from the intestines to the liver. Hepatic Portal Vein carries blood from 2 capillary beds in the intestine.
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| Hemostasis | The prevention of blood loss
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| Hemostasis is maintained by? | 1-Vascular Spasm
2-Platelet formation
3-Coagulation
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| RBC's in 1 cubic millimeter | 5,000,000
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| WBC's in 1 cubic millimeter | 7500
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| Platelets in 1 cubic millimeter | 300,000
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| Sickle Cell Anemia | Genetic disease causing sickle shaped hemoglobin. Causes reduction of blood flow.
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| What WBC's have the longest life? | Lymphocytes
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| Umbilical Vein | Carries oxygenated blood to the placenta. There is only 1.
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| Umbilical Arteries | Carries oxygen-poor blood from the placenta back to the mother. There is 2.
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| Ductous Venosus | A shunt that allows blood to bypass the liver in a fetus.
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| Foramen Ovale | Hole/shunt allowing blood to pass from right atrium directly into left atrium. Allowing blood to bypass fetal lungs.
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| Ductous Arteriosus | Conects the aorta and pulmonary artery. Aids in the bypassing of blood to fetal lungs.
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| What percentage of total body weight is blood? | 7% to 9%
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| Size of a RBC | 7-9 micrometers
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| Leukopenia | Low WBC count (below 5000 WBC/cubic millimeter)
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| Leukocytosis | High WBC count (above 10,00/cubic millimeter)
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| Differential WBC count | Measures proportions of each type of WBC.
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| Leukocytes in blood | Neutrophils 60-70%, Lymphocytes 20-25%, Monocytes 3-8%, Eosinophils 2-4%, Basophils 0.5-1%.
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| What's in plasma? | 7% protein, 91% water, 2% other solutes.
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| Vitamin K | Promotes the formation of prothrombin by the liver.
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| Megakarocytes | Produce platelets. Known as platelet mother cells.
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| Albumin | A protein that expands plasma.
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| Serum | Plasma minus it's clotting factors
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| Globulin | A protein containing antibodies that help protect us from infections.
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| Thrombus | When a clot stays in the place where it formed.
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| Embolis | A dislodged clot in the bloodstream.
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| Type A blood | RBC antigen type A. Antibodies in plasma anti-B
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| Type B blood | RBC antigen type B. Antibodies in plasma anti-A.
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| Type AB blood | RBC antigen type AB. Antibodies in plasma none. Universal recipient.
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| Type O blood | RBC antigen none. Antibodies in plasma anti-A and anti-B. Universal donor.
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| Ischemia | Decreased blood supply to tissue.
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| Necrosis | Tissue death due to lack of blood supply to tissue.
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| Gangrene | The decay of necrotic tissue.
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| Veins | Carry blood to the heart. Veins have valves.
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| Layers of blood vessels | Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa. The media/muscle layer is thicker in arteries.
Externa layer thicker in veins.
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| Atherosclerosis | Hardening of the inside of an artery
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| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of outside of artery
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