Renal Gross Anatomy/Microanatomy
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| Four major types of tissues that make up the human body | Muscle, Nervous, Connective, Epithelial
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| Epithelial tissue is found in 3 places | Covers or lines all surfaces, cavities and tubes; Perenchyma: functional portion of solid organs; Stroma: connective tissue for support
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| Fuctions of epithelial tissue | Selective diffusion, absorption, secretion, physical protection, containment
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| What is the one thing that all epithelial tissues have that the other three types of tissue do not? | Basement membrane
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| Describe a basement membrane | Separates epithelia from supporting tissue, avascular, selective barrier to passage of materials
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| Cell modifications that relate to specific epithelial tissue functions | Cilia, Microvilli, Goblet cells, Basolateral interdigitations
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| What is a brush border? | Extends the surface area of the apical border of the epithelial cell
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| What are basolateral interdigitations | Extends the surface area of the lateral and basal borders of the epithelial cell and is the location for the sodium pump
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| List the 4 types of cell junctions | Tight junctions(occluding junctions), Zonula adherens (adhering belt), macular adherens (desmosomes), communicating junctions (gap junctions)
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| Diffusion requiring a concentration gradient | Passive Diffusion
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| Diffusion with protein carrier molecules | Facilitated
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| Transport requiring ATP | Active
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| Transport using membrane receptors | Transmembrane signaling
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| Components of a nephron | Renal corpuscle, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT
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| Glomerulus is a group of what? | Fenestrated capillaries
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| Podocytes with many processes on a basement membrane are contained in the | Visceral layer of bowmans capsule
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| What is the main function of the renal corpuscle? | Filtration
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| Where are filtered glucose and amino acids mainly reabsorbed | PCT
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| What cell modifications are seen in the PCT | Brush border and basolateral interdigitations
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| What is the main function of the Loop of Henle? | Generates a high osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid of the renal medulla
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| Epithelium found in Thin loop of henle | Simple squamous epithelium
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| Epithelium found in thick loop of henle | Simple Cuboidal epithelium with extensive basolateral interdigitations
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| The DCT is under control of | Aldosterone
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| Structures of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus | Afferent arteriole, DCT, macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cellls, juxtaglomerular cells
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| Which cells secrete renin | Juxtaglomerular cells
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| Which cells are sensitive to sodium ion concentrations? | Macula densa
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| Transitional epithelium is found in the | Ureter and Urinary bladder
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