Chap1 & 4 Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What held back early medical advancement? | superstition
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| Who described how blood circulates thru the body? | William Harvey
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| Who discovered pasteurization? | Louis Pasteur
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| Who discovered the smallpox vaccine? | Edward Jenner
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| Who is the father of modern surgery? | John Hunter
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| Who discovered the concept of antisepsis and that washing surgeon's hands and instruments were imperative in surgical outcomes? | Joseph Lister
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| Who established the first nursing school? | Florence Nightingale
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| Who established the Red Cross? | Clara Barton
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| What is the difference between a disease and illness? | Disease can be medically classified & has distinguishing features.
Illness describes the condition of a person symptoms, and is not classified.
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| List some predisposing factors for a disease: | heredity, age, gender, environment, lifesytle
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| All genetic information is contained in what? | DNA
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| What is the basic unit of heredity? | A gene
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| What type of gene is expressed only when the gene pair is homozygous? | Recessive
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| A neoplasm that remains circumscribed and considered to be noncancerous is what? | benign
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| A neoplasm that has ill-defined borders, spreads and is considered to be cancerous is what? | malignant
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| What occurs when the body's immune system is inappropriate? | An allergy
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| When the immune system is misdirected and turns on itself, it is called what? | autoimmunity
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| When the immune system is inadequate, what is it called? | immunodeficiency
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| If a person does not have adequate food it is called what? | starvation
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| If food is available but not of adequate nutritional value, it causes what? | malnutrition
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| What describes a disease with no known cause? | idiopathic
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| What describes a disease caused by medical treatment? | iatrogenic
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| What is a contusion? | tissue along or beneath the surface of the brain is bruised (bleeding), and disrupts normal nerve function
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| What is a concussion? | brain strikes and rebounds from the skull but does not cause bleeding
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| What is heatstroke? | temperature mechanism malfunctions, stop sweating, skin is hot, dry and flushed, body temperature is high, medical emergency
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| What is heat exhaustion? | skin is pale and clammy, still sweating, body temperature may still be normal.
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| What describes the body's response to trauma, physical agents, allergens, chemical agents or pathogens? | inflammation
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| What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? | heat, pain, swelling, redness
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| What describes the invasion and growth of pathogenic microbes in the body? | Infection
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| What is syncope? | fainting
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| New growth or formations= | neoplasm
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| What describes the tendency of the bodies systems to remain stable? | homeostasis
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| What is the greatest risk with spinal trauma and neck injuries? | paralysis and damaged to spinal cord
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| What is a disease caused by fungus and how is it treated? | thrush or tinea pedis - anti-fungal
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| What is a disease caused by bacteria and how is it treated? | TB - antibiotic
Lyme disease - antibiotic
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| List a disease caused by a virus and how is it treated? | H1N1 (swine flu) - antiviral
West Nile - treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms
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| Give an example of a disease that is caused by a protozoa? | Malaria, African sleeping sickness
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| Give an example of a disease caused by rickettsiae? | Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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| How are % of burns classified? | The Rule of Nines
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| Describe 1st degree burns | Kills superficial cells of the epidermis, Skin is red, painful and dry. No blisters
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| Describe 2nd degree burns | kills epidermis and part of the dermis. Skin is red, blistered, and may be swollen
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| Describe 3rd degree burns | kills epidermis,dermis and nerve endings and may damaged underlying bones,muscle, and tendons. Nerve endings are destroyed
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| What disease is known as the great masquerader? | Malaria
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| What disease was spread to humans by a mosquito feeding of infected birds (New York)? | West Nile
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| What is another name for smallpox | Variola
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| What are the 3 forms of Anthrax? | cutaneous
intestinal
inhalation - worst!
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| What bacterial infection is caused by the bite of an infected tick? | Lyme disease
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| The common cold is caused by what? | A virus
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| Is there a vaccine for Influenza (virus)? | Yes
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| Escherichia coli (E-coli) is a bacterial infection that normally live where? | intestinal tract
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| How can E-coli be transmitted? | contaminated ground beef, undercooked ground beef, consuming unpasteurized milk and juices
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| What is VRE and its treatment? | vancomycin-resistant enterocci - try to treat w/ antibiotics, patients must be isolated until 3 stool cultures are negative. Can live on surface for 7 days
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| What is MRSA? | methicillin-resistant staph aureus - antibiotics
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| What is the biggest risk with infectious diarrhea? | dehydration
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| What is another name for Rubella? | German measles - vaccine MMR
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| Measles is a disease that is a virus and form what? What is another name for measles? | Koplik's spots - Rubeola
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| What virus causes AIDS? | HIV
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| What medication is used for AIDS? | AZT
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| Normal T4 cells for healthy adult humans are | 1000
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| A patient may be diagnosed with AIDS who are HIV positive when their T4 cells drops to? | 200
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| How is Chronic Fatigue syndrome diagnosed? | physical exam, have systoms for at least 6 months that dont go away with bed rest, severere enough to reduce daily activity by 50%
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| Erythema Infectiosum is another name for? | Fifth disease
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| Chickenpox is another name for: | Varicella - vaccine
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| Parotitis is another name for what? | Mumps - vaccine
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| What disease causes swelling of the parotid, salivary gland? | mumps
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| What is another name for whooping cough? | Pertussis
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| What is a life-threatening infectious disease characterized by a membrane-like coating that forms over mucous membrane? | Diptheria
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| What is a suspension of infectious agents, components of agents, or genetically engineered antigens? | A vaccine
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| The h1N1 virus is a mixture of viruses typical among what? | pigs, birds, humans
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| Is there a vaccine for H1N1? | yes
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| What are the 3 forms of Botulism? | food-bourne, wound and infant
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| Botulism is caused by the | Botulinum toxin
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| What are some of the signs and symptoms of Botulism? | depends on what type. blurred vision, slurred speech, dropping eyelids
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| What are the treatment options for Botulism? | antitoxin, surgical removal of wounds
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| How may Botulism be prevented? | proper food canning, wash foods, seek medical care
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| What are 2 forms of the plague? | Bubonic & Pneumonic
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| What is the etiology of the plague? | bacterial
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| How may the plague be prevented from spreading? | antibiotic therapy, surgical masks
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| What are other names for Tularemia? | Typhoidal, pneumonic, deer fever
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| Is Tularemia bacterial or viral? | bacterial
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| What is the treatment or Tularemia? | antibiotics
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| Describe what occurs with Viral Hemorrhagic fevers | can cause massive vascular bleeding
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| How may VHF's derived? | animals/insects
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| List some symptoms of VHF | high fever, fatigue, muscle aches, bleeding, dizziness
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| What is the usual treatment for patients with VHF? | isolation, antiviral drugs, support
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| What is the best way to prevent VHF? | control rodent population, clean up of rodent droppings and nests
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