Fungal infections of the respiratory tract- Blue 1/17/2013
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| Dimorphism | Exists in mycelial form in the soil and in yeast form in the body
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| Fugal infections are acquired by | Spores from the mycelial form
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| Why does the yeast form have a longer life span in the body? | It survives phagocytosis and therefor requires a specific cell-mediated response to be cleared
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| Histoplasmosis is common where? | Ohio-Mississippi Valley
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| Histoplasmosis growth is commonly associated with guano of | Birds, particularly starlings,chickens and bats
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| Histoplasmosis is acquired from | Inhalation of conidia which is converted to yeast in the lungs
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| Disease progression of histoplasmosis is associated with | Heavy infecting doses or immunodeficiency
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| Constant reinfection and resolution of histolplasmosis is often asymptomatic but presents with | Granulomas in the lungs (common in the midwest)
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| Symptoms of progressed histoplasmosis | Flu-like, patchy pneumonia that is chronic and relapsing
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| Classic pattern seen in histoplasmosis | Snowstorm or buckshot
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| In immunocompromised patients with histoplasmosis, dissemination may occur to | Spleen, Liver, Adrenals
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| Coccidiomycosis is commonly seen in regions of | Southwestern US (Desert)
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| Peak infection rates of coccidiomycosis are found after a | Desert rain
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| Coccidomycosis have a thick wall to protect from | Heat in the Desert
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| Coccidomycosis replicates by | Nuclear division which eventually walls off, leading to sacs of endospores
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| LIfe cycle of coccidomycosis | Arthrospores are inhaled from desert soil and are converted to yeast. Yeast goes through nuclear division to form spherules which contain endospores which infect
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| Coccidomycosis symptoms | Mild, flue-like illness, fever, cough, headache. Resolves in 2-6 weeks
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| Treatment for coccidomycosis | Azole drugs, Amphotericin B
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| Treatment for histoplasmosis | Azole drugs, Amphotericin B
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| North American Blastomycosis differs from Histoplasmosis in that it can also infect | Dogs
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| Balstomycosis patients may initially present with | Cutaneous lesions
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| Paracoccidiomycosis is limited to which areas | Central and South America, Tropical and Subtropical areas
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| Paracoccidiomycosis presents with | Cutaneous or mucocutaneous ulcers, especially in the oral and nasal cavities
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