Stack #115232
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| Lung sounds that are ascultated over most of the lung fields are called ______________ sounds. | vesicular
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| _____________ is a measure of distensibility, or strectchibility of the lung and chest wall. | Compliance
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| Respirations that are prolonged or gasping, followed by inefficient expirations, are termed ______________ | apneustic.
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| One method to assess placement of the endotracheal tube is to mark the tube at the ______________ | lip line.
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| Closed-system; method of aspirating secretions while keeping the patient ventilated. | In-line suction
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| Increases functional residual capacity | Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
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| Insertion of endotracheal tube | Intubation
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| Method of weaning from mechanical ventilation | T-piece trail
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| Paralyzes the respiratory muscles to facilitate ventilation | Neuromuscular blockage
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| Positive pressure ventilation that ensures a preset rate at a preset volume | Assist/control ventilation
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| Provides short-term ventilatory support, such as treatment of acute pulmonary edema | Noninvasive ventilation
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| Used to ventilate a patient manually | Bag-valve-mask
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| What is incorrect in regards to care of the mechanically ventilated patient? | A physician's order is needed to brush the patient's teeth.
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| What is a common complication of endotracheal intubation? | Tube placed in the right mainstem bronchus.
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| What often occurs when PEEP is used? | Cardiac output may decrease.
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| What breath sound has course, low-pitched characterisitcs and is usually continuous? | Sonorous wheeze
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| What is true in regards to endotracheal suctioning? | Suction time should not exceed 10 to 15 seconds.
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| Respirations in individuals with normal lung function are stimulated by: | High levels of carbon dioxide
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| Compliance increases with: | Emphysema
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| A PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg indicates: | Respiratory acidosis
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| If the low-exhaled volume alarm is sounding on a mechanical ventilator, the nurse should: | Assess to see that the ventilator is attached to the endotracheal tube
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| Weaning from long-term mechanical ventilation: | Often combines T-piece trials, SIMV, and pressure support
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| Assess the following arterial blood gases: pH—7.48, PaCO2—33 mm Hg, HCO2—20 mEq/L, PaO2 85 mm Hg. | Fully compensated metabolic acidosis; normal oxygenation
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| _______________ is an adjunct to mechanical ventilation that helps to decrease the work of breathing. | Pressure support
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| The endotracheal tube must be positioned above the bifurcation of the bronchus, known as the ______. | carina
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| In order to give informed consent, a person must be competent or have the ability to __________ the facts given. | understand
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| Not initiating life support is known as __________. | withholding
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| Removing life support once it has been initiated is known as __________. | withdrawing
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| DNR refers to medical orders for ______________. | "Do Not Resuscitate"
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| An end-tidal CO2 detector assists in verifying endotracheal tube placement. | True
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| Cyanosis is an early sign of hypoxemia. | False
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| Mechanical ventilation is commonly used in critical care settings and it has a low risk for complications. | False
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| Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method to measure arterial oxygen saturation. | True
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| Respiratory acidosis may occur when a patient hyperventilates. | False
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| Saline should be routinely instilled into endotracheal tubes to loosen secretions from the respiratory tract. | False
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| Ventilator-associated pneumonia can be prevented by suctioning the patient every 2 hours. | False
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| The etiology of pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome is related to: | Damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane
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| Mrs. Clemons presents to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress. She has a longstanding history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. What position would be best tolerated? | Stretcher with head of bed as high as it will go
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| Which of the following is appropriate for initial treatment of hypoxemia in Mrs. Clemons? | Oxygen via venturi-mask at 40% oxygen
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| Which of the following is not a symptom of a pulmonary embolus? | Pleural friction rub
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| A physiologic consequence of acute respiratory distress syndrome is: | Decreased compliance
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| _________ is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes hyperresponsiveness to allergens, viruses, or other irritants. | Asthma
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| A ________________ is a clot or plug of material that lodges in the pulmonary vasculature. It may result from a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a fat embolism from a long bone fracture, septic vegetation, or an iatrogenic catheter fragment. | pulmonary embolus
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| A common nursing diagnosis for patients with respiratory failure, regardless of etiology, is ____________________. | impaired gas exchange
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| Acute respiratory distress syndrome results in _______________ pulmonary edema. | noncardiogenic
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| Impaired diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane | diffusion defects
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| Leads to reduced alveolar ventilation and may result from drug overdose or neurological disorders | Hypoventilation
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| Rate of ventilation is not equal to the amount of perfusion | Ventilation-perfusion mismatching
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| Unoxygenated blood is returned to the left side of the heart secondary to lungs that are adequately perfused but not ventilated | Intrapulmonary shunting
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| Hypoxemia that occurs at high altitudes | Decreased barometric pressure
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| Virchow's triad refers to: | Mechanisms that favor the formation of thrombi
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| Mrs. Leoni is hospitalized with respiratory distress caused by emphysema. She is being treated with O2 via a Venturi mask with 35% oxygen because: | Her respiratory center requires low O2 concentration to stimulate breathing.
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| Mr. Leoni is visiting his wife at the hospital. When you comment that he is doing pursed lip breathing, he explains that he has COPD. You know this helps him by: | Helping him to lengthen inspiration and shorten expiration
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| You would document presence of atelectasis when you hear: | Decreased or absent breath sounds in some areas
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| Symptoms of early respiratory failure are: | Irritability and restlessness
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| Baseline ABGs for a COPD patient might show: | PaO2 55 and PaCO2 55
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| ____________________ is a clot or plug of material that lodges in the pulmonary vasculature and can be life threatening. | Pulmonary embolism
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| Reduced alveolar ventilation is called _____________ and may result from drug overdose or neurologic disorders. | hypoventilation
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| Intrapulmonary _______ occurs when unoxygenated blood is returned to the left heart secondary to lung areas that are adequately perfused but not ventilated. | shunting
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| Failure of _________ is detected by values of PaCO2. | ventilation
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| The most severe acute lung injury is called ________________________. | acute respiratory distress syndrome
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| ____________________________ is a progressive disease characterized by airflow obstruction, resulting from emphysema or chronic bronchitis. | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| Acute exacerbation of asthma is called ______________. | status asthmaticus
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| Bronchospasm and cor pulmonale are frequently seen in patients with COPD. | True
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| Caloric needs of ARDS patients are approximately half the normal values. | False
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| Changes in personality and disorientation are late changes in patients with ARDS. | False
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| PaCO2 decreases by approximately 4 mm Hg every decade of life. | False
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| Positioning the patient with unilateral lung disease with the good lung down maximizes perfusion to that side. | True
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| Studies have shown that the prone position can improve oxygenation in ARDS patients. | True
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| Tidal volumes larger than 10 ml/kg on a mechanical ventilator are now being recommended for patients with decreased lung compliance as seen in ARDS. | True
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| Ventilator associated pneumonia most often results from aspiration of condensation in the ventilator tubing. | False
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