cortex
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| paleocortex | associated with limbic sys
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| archicortex | hippocampus
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| neocortex | 90% of all cortex, have 6 layers some time during development
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| pyramidal cells | main projection to cortex; big neuron (10 to 70/100 microns), spines on dendrites may be involved in learning
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| stellate cell | interneuron w/short axons, locally acting
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| cortical layers | alternating layers of pyramidal and granule cells
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| afferents of cortex | intra-cortex connections, subcortical areas: thalamus, locus ceruleus (other chemically coded projections)
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| efferents of cortex | subcortical via Layer V. (thalamus, spinal cord, brainstem, basal ganglia- via internal capsule); Cortical- commissural via corpus callosum/ant commissure; association fibers to same hemisphere
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| significance of cortical columns | in some areas (SS/visual cortex), all cells in a vertical column respond best to certain stimulus
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| primary sensory areas | postcentral gyrus (3,1,2), primary auditory cortex (41), primary visual cortex (17)
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| primary motor areas | precentral gyrus (4)
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| unimodal cell | respond to complex input regarding a single type of stimulus (ie.SS OR vision)
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| what are the 4 types of cortical areas? | primary sensory, primary motor, association, limbic
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| the SS cortex is composed of? | postcentral gyrus; unimodal assn cortex in sup parietal lobule (areas 5 and 7)
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| what is the visual cortex composed of? | primary visual cortex (area 17); visual assn cortex (unimodal18 and 19); other visual assn cortex (heteromodal) in temporal and parietal lobes
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| auditory cortex composed of? | (41) primary auditory cortex on transverse temporal gyrus; secondary aud cortex (42)
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| specific motor areas? | premotor area and supplementary motor area(6); primary motor area (4); frontal eye field (8)
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| language areas? | broca's (44/45) inf frontal gyrus; wernickes (22) sup temporal gyrus
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| dominant hemisphere associated with | math skills, logic
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| non-dominant hemisphere associated with | face recogntion, musical ability, spatial tasks
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| prefrontal cortex associated with | emotions, personality, intellect
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| consciousness areas | ascending reticular activating sys (reticular formation); locus ceruleous (pons); intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
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