BIO205 - CH12 - The Eukaryotes - Fungi, Algae, Proto - Tortora - Rio Salado - AZ
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| Name the Eukaryote microorganisms that affect humans. | Fungi, algae, protozoa, parasitic helminiths, & arthopods
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| mycorrhizae | Symbiotic fungi that help plant roots absorb minerals from water & soil.
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| mycology | Study of fungi
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| All fungi are __. | chemoheterotrophs - require organic compunds for energy and carbon
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| Fungi are __ or faculative __. | aerobic - anaerobic
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| Multicellular fungi are ID'd on basis of __. | physical appearance - including colony characteristics & reproductive spores.
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| Why are fungal colonies described as vegetative? | Because they are composed of cells involved in catabolism and growth.
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| The __ of a mold or fleshy fungus consists of long filaments of cells joined together. | thallus (body)
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| hyphae | Long filaments of cells joined together in molds and fleshy fungus.
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| Cross-walls in hyphae that divide them into uninucleate (one nucleus) cell-like units. | septa
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| Coenocytic hyphae lack __. | cross-walls (septa) and have long, continuous cells with many nuclei.
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| Hyphae grow by __. | elongating at the tips.
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| Fungi in lab are usually grown from __. | fragments obtained from a fungal thallus
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| Aerial hyphae often bear __. | reproductive spores
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| What type of hypha obtains nutrients? | The vegitative hypha
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| mycelium | A mass of long filaments of cell that brach and intertwine in molds - visible to unaided eye.
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| yeasts | Nonfilamentous, intercellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval.
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| Budding yeast divide __ as parent cell forms bud on outer surface. | unevenly
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| Pseudohypha in yeasts | When yeast produce bud that fails to fall away - helps to invade deeper tissues.
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| How do fission yeasts divide? | By dividing evenly to produce 2 new cells.
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| A budding yeast can produce up to __ daugther cells by budding. | 24
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| Yeast can survive in various environments why? | They are capable of faculative anaerobic growth & can use oxygen or not - respirate in oxygen or ferment carbs.
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| dimorphism | Two forms of growth - fungi that can grow either as a mold or yeast.
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| How does bud differ from a spore? | Spores produce vegitative aerial hyphae, while buds reproduce by budding.
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| In dimorphic fungi, dimorphism is influenced by __ & __. | temperature, CO2 concentration.
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| Most pathogenic species of fungi exhibit __. | dimorphism
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| Fungi are usually ID'd by __. | spore type
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| How do fungal spores differ from bacterial endospores? | Bacterial endospores are not reproduction & dosen't increase number of cells, but fungal spores germinate into new mold (reproduction).
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| Fungi reproduce both __ & __. | asexually & sexually
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| Asexual fungi spores are produced how? | Through mitosis & subsequent cell division.
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| Name the 2 types of fungi asexual spores. | Conidiospore (conidium) or sporangiospore.
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| Of the two fungi asexual spores, which have a sac? | Sporangiospore - can contain hundreds of sporangiospores.
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| Name some reasons why fungi can grow in environments hostile to bacteria. | Can handle acidic conditions, low moisture needs, & can metabolize complex carbs.
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| Zygomycota are __ fungi. | conjugation
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| Ascomyocta are __ fungi. | sac - go poof at slightest disturbance.
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| Basidiomycota are __ fungi. | club - mushrooms
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| zygospore | large spore with thick wall
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| ascocpore | Spores in sac-like structures called an ascus
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| basidiospore | club-shaped spore (mushrooms)
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| Teleomorphs | Fungi that produce both sexual & asexual spores.
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| Anamorphs | Asexual fungi that cannot produce sexually - penicillium
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| Mycosis | A fungal infection, chronic
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| 5 types of mycosis | Systemic, subcutaneous, cutaneous, superficial, or opportunistic.
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| Why are fungal infections hard to treat in humans? | Because they are also eukaryotic & drugs that hurt them may hurt us too.
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