cali anatomy and physiology
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| integumentary system | the skin and the structures that develop from it
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| integument | the skin
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| cutaneous membrane | also the skin or integument
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| the five functions of the skin are | protection, excretion, temperature regulation, sensory perception, and synthesis of vitamin D
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| what are the two major layers of the skin | epidermis and the dermis
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| which of the major layers is the outer layer? | epidermis
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| the epidermis is composed of what epithelium | stratified squamous
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| which of the two major layers of the skin is the thicker inner layer? | dermis
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| the dermis is composed of what type of tissue? | fibrous connective
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| what is beneath the dermis? | hypodermis
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| the epidermis lacks what? | blood vessels
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| the epidermis obtains nutritients from what? | the blood vessels in the underlying dermis
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| what does the epidermis protect the body against? | the entrance of pathogenic organisms, ultraviolet radiation, and excessive water loss
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| what is the most inner layer of the cells? | the stratum basale
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| which layer continuously produces new cells by mitotic cell division? | stratum basale
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| what enables the epidermis to repair itself if it is injured? | the constant division of cells in the stratum basale
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| a waterproofing protein that is resistant to abrasion | keratin
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| what consists of numerous layers of dead, flat, keratinized cells? | stratum corneum
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| what is composed of fibrous connective tissue | dermis
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| what provides strength, extensibility, and elasticity | dermis
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| what two type of fibers are abundant in the dermis | collagen and elastic
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| conelike projections of the dermis that fit into recesses in the epidermis | dermal papillae
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| what receptors are located in the deeper portions of the dermis | pressure, pain, heat, and cold
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| what plays an important role in temperature regulation? | dermal blood vessels
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| the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia ataches the skin to unerlying tissues and organs is | hypodermis
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| the hypodermis is composed of what two types of tissue | loose and adipose tissue
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| serves as a heat insulator and a storage site for fat | hypodermis
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| red pigment in red blood cells that gives red color to blood | hemoglobin
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| yellowish pigment found in the stratum corneum and dermis | carotene
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| brown black pigment that is formed by melanocytes | melanin
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| special cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis | melanocytes
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| the amount of melanin that a person can produce is what | inherited
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| the greater the production of melanin the _____ the skin color | darker
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| melanin protects the body from what | ultraviolet radiation
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| when melanin is concentrated in small patches it is called | freckles
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| the increased production of melanin is a protective ______ ______ | homeostatic mechanism
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| why do tans dissapear? | because the tanned cells migrate to the surface and are sloughed off
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