Bone and Joint Disease
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| What is the most common type of arthritis | DJD (Degenerative Joint Disease)
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| Which arthritis is associated with erosion, fibrillation, eburnation, subchondral cysts, and osteophytes | DJD
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| What arthritis includes findings of inflammation of the synovium, pannus, destruction of underlying bone, and ankylosis | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| Is gout monosodium urate or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate | Monosodium Urate
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| Is pseudogout a problem with monosodium urate or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate | Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
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| What is osteopenia | decreased bone mass to below normal
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| What is osteomalacia | defective matrix mineralization usually associated with a nutritional deficit or abnormal metabolism of vitamin D
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| What is Renal Osteodystrophy | A form of osteomalasia seen in chronic renal failure
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| What is Osteoporosis | a reduction of bone mass per unit volume of bone and microarchitectural deterioration of bone
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| Osteoclastogenesis is mediated by? | Ratio of RANKL to OPG
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| Who gets primary osteoporosis | It is largely a disease of the elderly (usually older women)
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| Who gets Type I osteoporosis | primarily postmenopausal women (related to the loss of estrogen or testosterone
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| Where do you see fractures with Type I osteoporosis | distal forearm adn vertebral bodies
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| Who gets Type II osteoporosis | Men and Women typically after age 60
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| Where do you see fractures with Type II osteoporosis | Femor, femoral neck, proximal tibia, and pelvis
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| Who gets idiopathic osteoporosis | young patients less than 60 y/o
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| What do "corduroy vertebrae" indicate | Early osteoporosis
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| What is the most sensitive and accurate method of quantifying bone mineral density | Bone densitometry
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| what is the most useful method to diagnose osteopenia | DXA
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| What is another name for osteitis deformans | Paget disease
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| What are the stages of Paget disease | Osteolytic, Osteoclastic-blastic, Osteosclerotic
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| There is evidence that Paget disease is caused by mutations in the ? signaling pathway | RANK
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| What is another name for marble bone disease, a rare hereditary disease in which osteoclasts function is defective | Osteopetrosis
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| What is the name for avascular necrosis or aseptic necrosis involving the head of the femur | Osteonecrosis
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| What are some causes of Osteonecrosis | Trauma, Caisson disease, Gaucher's, Gout, Chronic alcoholism, sickle cell disease, idiopathic
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| What are some of the most common organisms identified from osteomyelitis | Staph aureus and mycobacteria
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| What is a Closed (simple) fracture | when the broken bone does not penetrate the skin
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| What is a Colles' fracture | fracture of the distal radius
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| What is a comminuted fracture | Bone splinters into more than two fragments of bone (unstable)
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| What is a complete fracture | the bone fractures completely through the bone width
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| what is a compound fracture | the bone fracture site communicates with skin surface
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| What is a compression fracture | two bones are forced against each other
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| What is a displaced fracture | broken pieces of bone are not aligned
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| what is a greenstick fracture | bone sustains a small incomplete frature in which only one side of the bone is broken (only outside of bend is broken)
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| What is an incomplete fracture | the bone breaks without complete separation (a crack which extends only partially through the bone width
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| What is a pathological fracture | bones weakened by diseases break with little force
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| What is a spiral fracture | a twisting motion breaks the bone
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| What is a stress fracture | slowly developing fracture secondary to new repetitive loads
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| What is the prognosis for fibrous cortical defect | not a neoplasm these disappear by the end of the teens or early twenties
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| Ewing's sarcoma is associated with ? genetic finding | translocation of t(11;22)
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