Chapter 5 Test
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| Kinetic Molecular Theory | Molescules in constant random motion; factors that affect that motion Pressure, Agitation, Concentration, Temperature
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| diffusion | movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentration
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| passive transport | cell needs to maintain a constant stable environment
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| Cell membrane | selectively permeable; only allows some things to pass through
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| small molecules | sugar, water, co2, o2
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| osmosis | movement of water from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
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| isotonic | amount of water and particles is the same in the cell and the environment
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| hypotonic | amount of water is greater outside cell so water rushes into the cell and it bursts
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| cytolosis | bursting of a cell
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| hypertonic | the amount of water is less outside the cell so water rushes out of the cell and the cell shrinks
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| plasmolysis | shrinking of a cell
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| ion channels | a transport protein with a polar pore through which charged particles (ions) can pass
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| facilitated diffusion | uses carrier proteins to transport subtances moleculs that want to enter bind to the carrier protein. The protein changes its shape to transport substance across the membrane then releases it
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| active transport | the movement of a substance across a cell membrane from against the concentration gradient (low-concentration to high concentration)
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| vesicle | membrane-bound organelle
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| concentration gradient | concentration difference across space
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| phagocytosis | uptake of large particles
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| pinocytosis | uptake of solutes or fluids
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| All forms of passive transport depend on | the kinetic energy of molecules
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| three types of passive transport | diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion,
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| endocytosis | brings into cells
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| exocytosis | releases it out of the cell
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| sodium potassium pump | transports potassium ions into the cell
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| isotonic solution | should have no affect on a cell
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| carrier protein | shields molecule from interior of lipid bilayer
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| phospholipids | double layer that makes up cell membrane
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| in cell membrane, ion channels serve as | passageways
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