Evolution
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| adaptation | An evolutionary modification that improves an organism's chances of survival and reproductive success
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| artificial selection | Choosing certain traits and breeding only with individuals that exhibited the desired traits.
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| biogeography | The study of the past and present geographical distributions of organisms.
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| convergent evolution | Organisms with separate ancestries may adapt in similar ways.
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| DNA sequencing | Procedure by which the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is determined.
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| evolution | Change in the inherited traits of a population over time.
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| fossil | Parts or traces of an ancient organism usually preserved in rock.
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| homology | Any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry.
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| homoplasy | Occurs when characters are similar, but are not derived from a common ancestor.
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| index fossils | Fossils used to define and identify geologic periods.
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| macroevolution | Large-scale evolutionary change over long time spans.
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| microevolution | Occurrence of small-scale changes in allele frequencies in a population, over a few generations.
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| molecular clock analysis | A comparison of the DNA nucleotide sequences of related organisms to estimate when they diverged from one another during the course of evolution
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| natural selection | Better adapted organisms that are more likely to survive and become parents of the next generation.
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| phylogeny | The complete evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
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| population | A group of organisms of the same species that live in a defined geographical area at the same time.
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| radioactive decay | The process in which a radioactive element emits radiation and, as a result, its nucleus changes into the nucleus of a different element.
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| species | A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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| synthetic theory of evolution | Synthesis of previous theories including, Mendelian genetics and Darwinian selection into a modern theory of evolutionary change.
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| vestigial | an evolutionary remnant of a formerly functional structure.
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