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Chapter 5 Definitions

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Answer
decomposer   an organism that feeds by breaking down organic mastter from dead organisms; examples include bacteria and fungi  
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pathogen   a virus, microorganism, or other organism that causes disease; an infectious agent  
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marsupial   a mammal that lacks a true placenta and gives birth to relatively underdeveloped young, and then carries and narishes the young in a pouch  
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producer   an organism that makes it own food  
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consumer   an organism that eats other organisms/organic matter instead of producing its own nutrients or obtaining nutrients from inorganic sources  
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endotherm   an animal that can generate body heat through metabolism and can maintain a constant body temperature despite temperature changes in the animals environment  
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biome   a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities  
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niche   the unique position occupied by a species, both in terms of it physical use  
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imprinting   learning that occurs early in an animals life  
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bipedalism   in hominids the condition of being adapted to walk primarily upright on two legs  
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interferon   a protein that is produced by cells infected by a virus and that can protect uninfected cells from reproduction of the virus  
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hydrophilic   water loving  
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hydrophobic   fear of water  
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estuary   an area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean; the part of a river where the tides meet the river current  
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mutation   a change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule  
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divergent evolution   the process by which two or more related but reproductively isolated populations become more and more dissimilar  
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pheromone   a substance that is released by the body and that causes another individual of the same species to react in a predictable way  
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kinetic   energy of motion  
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lymphocytes   a type of white blood cell that exists in two primar forms, T cells and B cells  
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melatonin   a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland during the night that helps regulate certain biorhythms, such as sleep patterns  
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