AP Biology Chapter 18 - Evolution
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| gene pool | includes all alleles for all the loci present in the population
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| allele | one, two, or more forms of a gene
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| genotype | organism's full hereditary information
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| phenotype | organism's actual observed properties like development and behavior
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| genetic equilibrium | a population whose allele and genotype frequencies don't change from generation to generation
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| fitness | relative ability of a given genotype to make a genetic contribution to subsequent generations
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| population genetics | study of genetic variability within a population and of the forces that act on it
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| genotype frequency | proportion of a particular genotype in the population
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| phenotype frequency | proportion of a particular phenotype in the population
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| allele frequency | proportion of a specific allele of a given genetic locus in the population
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| locus (loci) | fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene
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| Hardy-Weinberg principle | allele and genotype frequencies don't change from generation to generation (no evolution is occurring) in a population at genetic equilibrium
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| Hardy-Weinberg principle (5 conditions required). Mating is ___ | random in the population.
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| Hardy-Weinberg (conditons). There are no net ___ | mutations that change the allele frequencies.
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| Hardy-Weinberg (conditions). Population ___ | is large.
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| Hardy-Weinberg (conditions). Individuals do not ___ | migrate between populations.
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| Hardy-Weinberg (conditions). Natural selection ___ | does not occur.
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| inbreeding | the mating of genetically similar individuals that are more closely related
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| microevolution | change in allele or genotype frequencies within a population over successive generations
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| mutations | unpredictable changes in DNA, are the source of new alleles
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| Mutations increase the | genetic variability acted on by natural selection.
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