Vascular Disease
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| What is Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis | degenerative calcification of the media of large and medium sized muscular arteries usually in vessels of upper and lower extreimites of older people
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| What are the major risk factors for atherosclerosis | advanced age, male sex, genetics, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes
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| Where are atherosclerotic lesions most likely to be located | Medium to Large arteries
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| What is the name for a slightly elevated lesion in the intima consisting of smooth muscle cells and macrophages containing intracellular lipid? | fatty streak
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| what is an atheroma (fibrofatty plaque) | fibrous cap composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen, macrophages, and lymphocytes located in the intima beneath the endothelium with a core containing lipid filled macrophages adn smooth muscle cells (foam cells) and necrotic debris
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| What are the main complications of atherosclerosis | Occlusion of the vessel, Narrowing of the vascular lumen, embolism, aneurysm formation
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| What is the most common site for atherosclerotic aneurysms | distal aorta and common iliac arteries
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| What is a dissecting aneurysm | An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall through a tear in the intima and dissects along the length of the vessel
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| most common location for a dissecting aneurysm | proximal aorta, starting with an intimal tear 1-2 cm above the aortic valve
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| where do syphilitic aneurysms tend to occur | ascending aorta and arch
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| What is an aortic dissection | a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta followed by formation and propagation of a asubintimal hematoma
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| A "double barreled aorta" refers to? | Aortic dissection
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| Aortic dissection is more common in what patients? | those with hypertension, connective tissue disorders, congenital aortic stenosis or bicuspid aortic valve and those with first degree relatives with history of thoracic dissections
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| what is cystic medial necrosis | degenerative changes leading to breakdown of the collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle within the media and an increase in basophilic ground substance
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| Advanced cystic medial necrosis is the hallmark histologic change associated with dissection in those with ? syndrome | Marfan's
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| What is type 1 Aortic Dissection | involves the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta
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| What is type II aortic dissection | ascending aorta
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| What is type III aortic dissection | confined to the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery
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| type IIIa refers to what type of dissection | dissections that originate distal to the left subclavian artery but extends both proximally and distally, mostly above the diaphram
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| What is type IIIb aortic dissection | dissections that originate distal to the left subclavian artery, extend only distally and may extend below the diaphragm
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| What are veins dilated due to incompetent valves called | Varicose Veins
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| What are varicose veins of the rectum called | Varicose Veins
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| Why are deep vein thrombosis considered a serious condition | because of their propensity to embolize particularly to the pulmonary arteries
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| What is lymphangitis | inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, particularly in the region of previous trauma to the skin
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| what is the pathogenic organism associated with lymphangitis | B-hemolytic strep
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| What is a benign tumor of the blood vessels usually in the skin but may occur in internal organs | Hemangioma
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| Where are capillary hemangiomas most frequently found | in the skin, known as "birthmarks"
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| What are cavernous hemangiomas known as? | port wine stains
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| What is a malignant tumor of the blood vesselsconsisting of neoplastic endothelial cells | Angiosarcoma
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| What is angiosarcoma of the liver associated with? | environmental carcinogens such as arsenic and vinyl chloride
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| What is a malignant tumor of endothelial cells that occurs frequently in patients with AIDS | Kaposi Sarcoma
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| What virus is associated with Kaposi Sarcoma | HHV8
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