ECM lecture week 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the components of the ECM | Proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and inorganic salts
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| Proteins of ECM | elastin
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| Glycoproteins | More proetin than CHO = Collagen
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| Proteoglycans | More CHO than proteins = perelcan
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| Glycosaminoglycans | Heparin Sulphate
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| Inorganic Salts | Calcium phosphate
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| Where would you find type 1 collagen? | dermis, tendons, ligaments and bones
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| Where would you find type 2 collagen? | hyaline cartilage
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| Where would you find type 3 collagen? | liver, bone marrow, lymphoid organs; also
in granulation tissue; aka reticulin
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| Where would you find type 4 collagen? | basement membranes
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| Where would you find type 7 collagen? | linker to basement membrane
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| which type of glycoproteins form fibres? | collagen, fibrillin, fibronectin
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| Which types of glycoproteins form a link between ECM and cells? | laminin, entactin, tenascin
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| Ground Substance | • amorphous
• gel-like
• matrix for diffusion of metabolites
• contains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) – polysaccharide polymers
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| glycosaminoglycans | also called mucopolysaccharides. Chains of repeating dissacharide.
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| why are glycosaminoglycans acidix | due to charged polar side groups that repel each other
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| Inglycosaminoglycans what would be the CHO component in NON SULPHATED GAGS? | hyaluronic acid
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| Chondroitin sulphate and keratin sulphate are CHO components of proteoglycans found in? | Cartilage
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| where would you find heparin sulphate? | Basement membrane?
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| How is elastin synthesized to form ecm? | • dominant ECM protein in arteries; 50% dry wt. aorta
• soluble precursor – tropoelastin -secreted from cell
• interacts with fibrillin, which acts as a scaffold
• tropoelastin molecules become cross-linked
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| How are proteoglycans synthesized to form ECM? | • core protein made on RER and translocated into lumen
• vesicles carry it to Golgi
• linkage tetrasaccharide added to serine residue of protein
• polysaccharide chain is formed by addition of sugar units, 1 at a time by glycotranferase.
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| How are prostaglycans delivered to extracellular domain? | By exocytosis
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| What are examples of enzymes that breakdown ECM proteins | Elastase, Serine Proteases, matrix metalloproteinases
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| Osteoid | unmineralised, organic portion of bone matrix
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| What family of enzymes breaks down Osteoid? | Papain family of cysteine proteinases e.g cathepsin K
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| What are examples of enzymes that breakdown ECM proteins | Elastase, Serine Proteases, matrix metalloproteinases
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| What is used to stain the basement membrane? | Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) that binds to carbohydrate OR by using anti-bodies that specifically bind to a component of the BM (e.g laminin, type IV collagen)
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| Osteoid | unmineralised, organic portion of bone matrix
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| What family of enzymes breaks down Osteoid? | Papain family of cysteine proteinases e.g cathepsin K
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| The basement membrane of epithelial tissues is called? | The basement membrane
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| What is used to stain the basement membrane? | Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) that binds to carbohydrate OR by using anti-bodies that specifically bind to a component of the BM (e.g laminin, type IV collagen)
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| What is used to stain the basement membrane? | Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) that binds to carbohydrate OR by using anti-bodies that specifically bind to a component of the BM (e.g laminin, type IV collagen)
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| The BM in cancer | Barrier to malignancy
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| Epithelial tumours are only regarded as malignant when? | The have breached the basement membrane
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| Until such times when a tumour hasnt breached the membrane the cell may be? | Cytologically malignant, but the tumour is physically contained within the BM. At this stage it is called a carcinoma-in-situ
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| How is osteoid: ECM in bone synthesized? | By osteoblasts
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| How is osteoid: ECM in bone synthesized? | By osteoblasts
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| What is the portion of Inorganic salts to organic matrix in mature bone? | 70% inorganic salts, 30% organic matrix
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| What is the portion of Inorganic salts to organic matrix in mature bone? | 70% inorganic salts, 30% organic matrix
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| More than 90% of the organic component is? | Type I collagen
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| More than 90% of the organic component is? | Type I collagen
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| Osteocalcin | Calcium building protein
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| Hydroxypaptite | Crystals of calcium phosphate
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| Osteoclasts | Breakdown osteoid
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| osteocytes | allow communication
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| Cartilage ECM | Synthesized by chondrocytes. Consists of:
Type II collagen, chondroitin sulphate, keratan sulphate and hyaluronic acid.
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| How do ECM molecules influence cell behaviour? | Interact with integrins in cell membranes to influence cell behaviour.
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Created by:
Taryn Miller
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