Neoplasia III pg 7-12 Templeton
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| Her-2 amplification/overexpression is seen in 20? of what type of carcinoma | breast
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| Herceptin is an anti-______ humanized monoclonal antibody | Her2
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| what are the two major kinds of viral oncogenes | integration of proto-oncogene (RNA retrovirus) and True endogenous oncogenes (DNA viruses)
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| Are retrovirus proto-oncogenes more common in animals or humans | animals
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| what is an example of a viral oncogene that causes human cancer | HPV
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| How does HPV cause cervical cancer | E6: inactivates p53 and E7: inactivates RB both are tumor suppressor genes
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| what is the "two hit" tumor suppressor gene hypothesis | both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene must be inactivated in order to achieve the "cancer phenotype"
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| what is possibly the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer | p53 (nuclear phosphoprotein with transcriptional regulatory function)
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| How does mutant p53 protein differ from the wild type | wild type does not have a high level of expression and has a short half life while the mutant is inactive and has a longer half life
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| what are the main cancer related functions of p53 | Regulation of cell cycle, regulation of apoptosis, and regulation of DNA repair
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| where does p53 regulate the cell cycle | stops at the G1 stage before it moves to S stage
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| Does p53 mutations result directly in cancer | not usually but does allow cancer causing genetic changes to occur or accumulate
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| What is the function of the NER pathway | removes a variety of DNA base damages induced by UV irradiation and Chemicals
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| what is xeroderma pigmentosum | an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by defects in the NER pathway
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| Xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by defects in what pathway | NER pathway
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| what does NER stand for? | Nucleotide excision repair
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| what effect does UV irradiation have on DNA | UV irradiation causes the formation of chemical cross links between adjacent pyrimidine bases in DNA (C and T)
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| When UV causes the formation of chemical cross links between bases C and T what is more mutagenic? DNA base C or T | C
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| In NER deficient cells non-repaired dimers lead to what type of mutation during DNA synthesis | Missense
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| How far past the skin does UV radiation penetrate? | UV radiation does not penetrate past the skin
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