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Chromosomes for HS Freshman Honors Biology

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Question
Answer
DNA   deoxyribonucleic acid; long thin molecule that stores genetic information  
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chromosomes   rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins  
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histone   protein in eukaryotic cell around which DNA wraps  
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nonhistone protein   protein generally involved in controlling the activity of specific regions of the DNA  
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chromatid   each half of a chromosome  
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chromatin   less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex  
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sex chromosomes   chromosomes that determine the sex of an orgainsm and that may also carry genes for other characteristics  
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autosomes   all the other chromosomes in an organism  
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homologous chromosomes   two copies of each autosome that are the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits  
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karyotype   photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human  
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diploid   cell that has two sets of chromosomes; two autosomes for each homologous pair; two sex chromosomes in animals and humans  
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haploid   sperm and egg cells that only have one set of chromosomes with half the number of chromosomes than number in diploid  
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