Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Axon | single projection of a neuron that conducts impulse away from nerve cell body
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| Dendrite | branched process off a neuron that receives impulses and carries them to cell body
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| Cell Body | portion of the nerve cell that includes nucleus
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| Myelin | tissue that wraps around many of nerve fibers
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| Delirium | state of mental confusion with lack of orientation to time and place
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| Dementia | progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living
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| Aura | sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling unusual odor, that occur just prior to epileptic seizure or a migraine headache
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| Dura Mater | means tough mother, it forms a touch, fibrous sac around the central nervous system
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| Subdural space | actual space between the dura mater and arachnoid layers
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| Arachnoid layer | meaning spiderlike, it is a thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments
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| Subarachnoid Space | space between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater; it contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain from the outside
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| Pia Mater | meaning soft mother; it is the innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
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| Palsy | temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| -paresis | weakness
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| Syncope | fainting
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| Vertigo | dizziness
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| Paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling
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| Seizure | sudden attack of severe muscular contractions associated with loss of consciousness
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| Tremor | involuntary quivering movement of a part of the body
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| Convulsion | severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations; these have a variety of causes
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| Hydrocephalus | accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within ventricles of brain, causing head to be enlarged
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| Conscious | condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
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| Unconscious | condition or state of being unaware of surroundings with inability to respond to stimuli
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| Bell's Palsy | one-sided facial paralysis with unknown cause
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| Alzheimer's | chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia that is more prevalent in adults between 40 and 60
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| Parkinson's | chronic disorder of nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and shuffling gait
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| Reye's Syndrome | brain inflammation that occurs in children following viral infection, usually flu or chickenpox
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| CVA | cerebrovascular accident
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| Concussion | injury to brain resulting from blow or impact from object
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| Shingles | eruption of vesicles along nerve, causing rash and pain
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| Multiple Sclerosis | inflammatory disease of central nervous system; rare in children; generally strikes adults between ages of 20 and 40; there is progressive weakness and numbness
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| Guillain-Barre | disease of nervous system in which nerves lose their myelin covering
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| Myasthenia Gravis | disorder causing loss of muscle strength and paralysis
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| Lumbar Puncture | puncture with needle into lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for injection of anesthesia
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| Cerebral Angiography | x-ray of blood vessels of brain after injection of radiopaque dye
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| PET | positron emission tomography
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| Position Emission tomography | PET
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| Spina Bifida | congenital defect in walls of spinal canal in which laminae of vertebra do not meet or close; results in membranes of spinal cord being pushed through opening
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| Meningocele | congenital hernia in which meninges, or membranes, protrude through opening in spinal column or brain
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| Myelomeningucele | hernia composed of meninges and spinal cord
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| Hypercalcemia | condition of having a high level of calcium in the blood
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| Hyperglycemia | condition of having a high level of sugar in the blood
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| Hypernatremia | condition of having a high level of sodium in the blood
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| Hypocalcemia | condition of having a low level of calcium in the blood
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| Hypoglycemia | Condition of having a low level of sugar in the blood
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| Hyponatremia | Condition of having a low level of sodium in the blood
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| Pineal Gland | gland in endocrine system that produces hormone called melatonin
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| Adrenal Gland | pair of glands in endocrine system located just above each kidney
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| Thymus | endocrine gland located in upper mediastinum that assists body with immune function and development of antibodies
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| Gonads | organs responsible for producing sex cells
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| Pituitary | pertaining to pituitary gland
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| Pancreas | organ in digestive system that produces digestive enzymes
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| LH | luteinizing hormone
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| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone
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| GH | growth hormone
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| Calcitonin (CT) | hormone secreted by thyroid gland; stimulates deposition of calcium into bone
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| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | hormone secreted by parathyroid glands; the more hormone, the higher the calcium level in blood and the lower the level stored in bone
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| Epinephrine | hormone produced by adrenal medulla
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| Adrenaline | hormone produced by adrenal medulla;
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| Hirsuitism | excessive hair growth over body
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| Gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males
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| Exophthalmos | condition in which eyeballs protrude
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| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | insulin-dependent
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| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | non-insulin-dependent
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| Cretinism | congenital condition due to lack of thyroid that may result in arrested physical and mental development
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| Gigantism | excessive development of body due to overproduction of growth hormone by pituitary gland
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| Acromegaly | chronic disease of adults resulting in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities
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| Myxedema | condition resulting from hypofunction of thyroid cland
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| Tetany | condition resulting from calcium deficiency in blood
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| Dwarfism | condition of being abnormally small
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| Peripheral Neuropathy | damage to nerves in lower legs and hands as a result of diabetes mellitus
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| Ketoacidosis | acidosis due to excess of ketone bodies
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| Diabetic Retinopathy | secondary complication of diabetes that affects blood vessels of retina
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| Polydipsia | condition of having excessive amount of thirst such as in diabetes
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| Cephalalgia | headache
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| Dysphasia | impairment of speech as a result of brain lesion
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| Quardriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities
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| Paraplegia | paralysis of lower portion of body and both legs
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| Thymoma | malignant tumor of thymus gland
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| Thyromegaly | enlarged thyroid
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| Neuralgia | nerve pain
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