Information about the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts of a cell
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| What is the energy carrier molecule that is used in all cellular reactions? | ATP
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| Proaryotes don't have mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell), but can they still make ATP and if so, how does the efficiency of ATP production compare with that of eukaryotes? | They can still make ATP, but the efficiency of ATP production compares with that of eukaryotes because it is much slower and the eukaryotes produce a larger amount.
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| Why is the inner membrane of the mitochondrion elaborately folded over and over? | Because it divides the mitochondria into 2 parts and makes a bigger space for the proteins to work properly and efficiently.
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| In the inner membrane space, ______ accumulates from the breakdown of organic compunds which then flow through the _______ to the outer compartment, thus producing ATP. | Hydrogen ions, Transport systems
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| How is oxygen used in the above reactions? | It takes the spent electrons and uses them to keep the reactions going.
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| The main place oxygen is needed in your body is the millions of _______ found in most of your cells. | Mitochondria
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| What are plastids? | Organelles of photosynthesis, storage, or both. (Chlororplasts are plastids.)
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| In the chloroplasts, energy from the sun drives the formation of _____ and _____ which later are used to form _______. | ATP, NADPH , organic compounds
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| Why is the inner membrane of the chloroplast (thylakoids) folded over and over into flattened sacs? | Because there are cholorophylls, proteins, light-trapping pigments, and enzymes, that all play roles in photosynthesis.
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| Polyaccharides are formed in the stroma (inner fluid space of the chloroplast) from ______ and ______. | Carbon dioxide, Water
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| Some scientists think that both the mitochondria and chloroplasts are bacterial in origin and were probably ingested into primitive eukaryotic cells 100's of millions of years ago. What is some of the evidence of this? | They are similar to bacteria in structure, biochemistry and size. They both have DNA, RNA and ribosomes.
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