Diseases of the GI tract
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the "gut"? | A hollow tube connecting the mouth and anus.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the "gut" composed of? | 1. Esophagus, 2. Tomach, 3. Small bowel, 4. Large Bowel
🗑
|
||||
| What are the parts of the small bowel? | 1. duodenum, 2. jejunum, 3. ileum.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the parts/sections of the large bowel? | cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
🗑
|
||||
| Where is the appendix attached to? | The cecum
🗑
|
||||
| What are the stomach and esophagus separated by? | The lower esophageal sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the gut? | Digestion and absorption.
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the esophagus move food to? | The stomach
🗑
|
||||
| Where does digestion begin? | In the stomach
🗑
|
||||
| What stomach produces _____ to break down _____. | Pepsin (an enzyme), proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| Where does most of digestion occur? | In the duodenum
🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme does the pancrease secrete into the duodenum? | Pancreatic JUICE
🗑
|
||||
| What does the liver release into the duodenum? What is it important for? | Bile, important for absorption of fat.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the small bowel important for? | Digestion of food.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the large bowel important for? | Absorption of water and electrolytes and producing formed dookies.
🗑
|
||||
| Where is bacteria usually found? | Large bowels
🗑
|
||||
| What are some Signs and symptoms indicative of disease in the GI? | 1. Loss of appetite, 2. nausea, 3. Vomitting, 4. diarrhea (mud butt), 5. pain, 6. bleeding, 7. obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| What is blood in vomit called? | Hematemesis
🗑
|
||||
| If you have blood in your poo, what colour is your poo? Where is the blood from? | Black (melena) if bleeding is coming from the stomach or duodenum b/c of the action of acid and digestive enzymes on the blood.
🗑
|
||||
| What does red poo indicate? | Bleeding from intestines (large or small) (hematochezia)
🗑
|
||||
| In Canada, esophagus cancer accounts for ___% of GI tract cancers. | 6%
🗑
|
||||
| ___% of esophageal cancers are ________ and ____% are squamous cell carcinomas. | 60% are adenocarcinomas and 40% are squamous cell.
🗑
|
||||
| Incidence of esophagus cancer is highest amoung ______ (males/females) ____ of age | males greater than 50 years of age.
🗑
|
||||
| Long standing gastroesophageal reflux may result in the following sequence of events in the lower esophagus... | intestinal metaplasia---> dysplasia ---> adenocarcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| What is the major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma in Canada? | alcohol and tobaco.
🗑
|
||||
| What doesn't play a role in squamous cell carcinoma? | REFLUX.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some signs and symptoms of esophogeal cancer? | Difficulty swallowing (dysphasia).
🗑
|
||||
| What happens by the time symptoms happen? | Cancer has progressed too far to be treated.
🗑
|
||||
| How can adenocarinoma of the esophagus be diagnosed? | At an early stage because the preceding long period of reflux is usually associated with heartburn, which prompts for referral to a specialist.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the survival rate of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus? | 5 year survaval rate is 5-10%
🗑
|
||||
| *How can esophageal tumurs cause harm? | Via local obstruction and spread due to proximity to several important structures (trachea, large vessels of the heart).
🗑
|
||||
| What is a peptic ulcer? | Breakdown in the mucosal gastrointestinal tract produced by the action of gastric secretions.
🗑
|
||||
| When do peptic ulcers happen? | When mucosa is damaged, leaving it susceptible to breakdown by gastric acid and pepsin.
🗑
|
||||
| Where do most peptic ulcers happen? | Stomach and duodenum.
🗑
|
||||
| What % of the population do peptic ulcers affect? | 10%.
🗑
|
||||
| What age do duodenal ulcers occur mostly? | Most frequent around the age of 20
🗑
|
||||
| What age are gastric ulcers most frequent? | Around the age of 40
🗑
|
||||
| Duodenal ulcers are more common in the ____ sex, while gastric ulcers occur _______. | Duodenal are more common in males while gastric occurs EQUALLY in both sexes.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the major causes of peptic ulcers? | Helobacter pylori bacteria & NSADs.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some risk factors for PU's? | smoking and genetic predisposition
🗑
|
||||
| HP is the cause of up to ___% of gastric ulcers and over ___% of duodenal ulcers. | 80% & 90%
🗑
|
||||
| In Canada, HP is found in the stomach of ___% of the people under the age of ___ and ___% of the people over the age of ___. | 20% under age 40, and 50% over age 50.
🗑
|
||||
| It is thought that ulceration is due to: | increased gastric acid production.
🗑
|
||||
| How can HP infection be diagnosed? | Antibody tests.
🗑
|
||||
| Gastric and duodenal ulcers not caused by HP are mostly due to______, which block ______ synthesis. | NSAIDs, prostoglandin.
🗑
|
||||
| Why are prostoglandins important? | they are importnt in maintaining an intact mucosal barrier.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common symptom of a peptic ulcer? | Upper abdominal pain.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some complications of peptic ulcers? | 1. Bleeding, 2. Obstruction, 3. perforation with peritonitis.
🗑
|
||||
| What medical treatments are available for peptic ulcers? | Antacids and drugs inhibiting acid secretion. As well as Antibodies that eradicate HP (if present).
🗑
|
||||
| What is Acute apendicitis? | Acute inflammation of the appendix
🗑
|
||||
| what is the lifetime risk of getting appendicitis? | 10%
🗑
|
||||
| What age is appendicitis most common? | Ages 10-25.
🗑
|
||||
| In what percent of the cases of acute appendicitis is the lumen obstructed? | 50-80%
🗑
|
||||
| What are signs and symptoms of appendicitis? | Pain that begins around the umbilicus, but then localizes in the lower right abdomen.
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of treatment is there? | Appendectomy, after diagnosis.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a diverticulum? | An outpouching of the gut wall.
🗑
|
||||
| What subgroups do diverticulums fall under? | Diverticulosis (uncomplicated) and diverticulitis (inflamed diverticula)
🗑
|
||||
| Diverticula is found ____ with age and is found in ___% of people over the age of ____. | increases with age and found in 50% of the people over the age of 60.
🗑
|
||||
| What are 2 important pathogenic factors of diverticular disease? | increased intraluminar pressure (due to low fibre diets) and foci of muscular weakness in the abdominal wall (where muscles pass through the muscle layer)
🗑
|
||||
| Where are most diverticula found? | in the sigmoid colon
🗑
|
||||
| What do most patients with divertulitis have? | Pain, feer and often a tender mass.
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammatory bowel disease consists of: | ulcerative colitis and Cron's disease. They are both chronic inflammatory diseases
🗑
|
||||
| What are the peak age categories of IBD? | 15-35
🗑
|
||||
| What is IBD thought to be due to? | Unregulated and exaggerated local immune response to the gut microbes.
🗑
|
||||
| What parts of the gut may be involved in Crohn's disease? | Any part
🗑
|
||||
| What part of the gut is more frequently involved in Chron's disease? | Small bowel, and/or large bowel
🗑
|
||||
| What does Crohn's disease do? | Produces chronic inflammation and scaring.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease? | Diarrhea, pain and fever.
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of Crohn's disease is...? | Anti inflammatory agents to help. It can not be cured surgically. Several lifetime operations may be necessary.
🗑
|
||||
| What part of the gut does Ulcerative Colitis (UC) involve? | ONLY the large bowel; not transmural like CD
🗑
|
||||
| Do abscesses occur with UC? | No, because it is not transmural.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some signs and symptoms of UC? | chronic bloody diarrhea and pain
🗑
|
||||
| Patients with UC are at risk for devoping what? | Large bowel cancer
🗑
|
||||
| What kind of medical treatments are there for UC? | anti-inflammatory agents
🗑
|
||||
| If anti-inflammatory agents fail in trying to treat UC, what step is taken? | Removing of section of the large bowel involved.
🗑
|
||||
| Where is obstruction of the bowel most common and why? | Obstruction is most common in the small intestine because it is the narrowest, so is more susceptible to being obstructed.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some symptoms of bowel obstruction? | Pain, vomitting and abdominal distenation
🗑
|
||||
| ______ ,____, _____, and _____ account for ___% of obstruction. Tumor and infarction only account for ___% to ___% | Hernia, adesions and intussuception and volvulus account for 80% of obstruction. Tumor and infarct account only for 10-15%
🗑
|
||||
| What is a hernia? | An outpouching of the peritoneum through an area of weakness in the abdominal wall.
🗑
|
||||
| Where is the most common site for a hernia? | The groin, umbilicus and old abdominal surgical scars.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens when a loop of the small bowel enter a herniated sac? | OBSTRUCTION!, trapped or infarcted due to cut off of blood supply to that area
🗑
|
||||
| What is an adhesion? | an abnormal band of fibrous tissue which grows between abdominal organs following abdominal surgey or inflammatory conditions which involve the peritoneum.
🗑
|
||||
| What is intussusception? | When a segment of the small bowel becomes telescoped into the immediately distal bowel and peristalsis propels it further. Causes obstruction and eventually infarction.
🗑
|
||||
| What is volvulus? | twisting of a bowel loop, resulting in obstruction and eventually infarction.
🗑
|
||||
| Where is volvulus most common? | Small bowel, but sometimes occurs in the sigmoid colon.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the second most common cause of cancer death in Canada? | Colorectal cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Where is there a high incidence of colorectal cancer, and why? | Western world, related to high caloric food rich in animal fat, combined with a sedentary lifestyle.
🗑
|
||||
| What plays a major protective role in large bowel carcinoma? Why? | High fibre diet, because it moves the bowel contents along quicker, less time for carcinogensto sit and potentially be harmful.
🗑
|
||||
| What are some risk factors in large bowel carcinoma? | Meat consumption, smoking and alcohol consumption
🗑
|
||||
| In about __% of patients, genetics play a role | 25%
🗑
|
||||
| Almost all large bowel cancers are ________! | Adenocarcinomas
🗑
|
||||
| What are some symptoms of large bowel cancer? | Asymptomatic for year with only occult bleeding, but presents bleeding, change in bowel habit, obstruction or anemia.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common site for metastais of large bowel cancer? | Liver, followed by lung and bone
🗑
|
||||
| What's the treatment for large bowel carcinoma? | Surgery
🗑
|
||||
| When is large bowel cancer completely treatable? | when detected early!
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
mex200m